线绿体和叶绿体 Energy Generation in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts课件.ppt

Light-dependent reaction: Electron transport in the thylakoid membrane and noncyclic photophosphorylation: Cyclic photophosphorylation: Changes in redox potential during photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide fixation and the synthesis of carbohydrate in C3 plants (Calvin cycle) Figure?14-43?The initial reaction in carbon fixation.????This reaction, in which carbon dioxide is converted into organic carbon, is catalyzed in the chloroplast stroma by the abundant enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. The product, 3-phosphoglycerate, is also an important intermediate in glycolysis: the two carbon atoms shaded in blue are used to produce phosphoglycolate when the enzyme adds oxygen instead of CO2。 The structure and function in C4 plants 4. Organelle DNA and protein importing A. Organelle DNA The size range of organelle DNA is similar to that of viral DNAs. Mit DNA: from 6,000bp (plasmodium falciparum) ～ 300,000bp (some land plants). DNA of Mit genome (in mammals) ≈16,500bp(0.001% of nuclear genome) ; Chl genomes are about 10 times larger and contain about 120 genes. Chl DNA: from 70,000?to 200,000bp (genome of land plants); Genes in mtDNA encode rRNAs, tRNAs, and some mitochondrial proteins Human mt DNA: 16,569bp 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, 13 polypeptides: NADH reductase. 7 sub. Cty b-c1 complex. 1 cytb Cyt oxidase. 3 subunits ATP synthase: 2 F0 sub Products of mt genes are not exported The organization of the liverwort(地钱) Chl genome B. Mit and Chl have their own genetic systems Mit and Chl are organelles semiautocephaly. The synthesis of mt proteins is coordinated C. The transport protein into Mit. And Chl. Tree proteins translocators in Mit membranes: TOM, TIM,and OXA complex are multimeric membrane protein, that catalyze protein transport