全身反应法（英文版）.PPTX

Chapter Five Content Approach Background Design Procedure Model Teaching 5 Total Physical Response What is Total Physical Response? Total Physical Response(TPR) is a language teaching method built around the coordination of speech and action; it attempts to teach language through physical(motor) activity. James Asher 美国圣加州约瑟大学心理学教授 20世纪60年代 Asher states that “most of the grammatical structure of the target languge and hundreds of vocabulary items can be learned from the skillful use of the imperative by the instructor”. Asher sees a stimulus-response view as providing the learning theory underlying language teaching pedagory. Approach: Theory of language and learning In addition, Asher has elaborated an account of what he feels facilitates or inhibits foreign language learing. He draws on 3 rather influential learning hypotheses The bio-program Brain lateralization Reduction of stress The bio-program There exists a specific innate bio-program for language learning which defines an optimal path for first and second language development. The bio-program Children develop listening competence before they develop the ability to speak. Childrens ability in listening comprehension is acquired bcause chilren are required to respond physically to spoken languge in the form of parental commands Once a foundation in listening comprehension has been estabilished, speech evolves naturally and effortlessly out of it. Parellel to the process of the first language learning, the foreign language learner should first internalize a “cognitive map” of the target languge through listening exercises. Listening should be accomplished by physical movement. Brain lateralization Brain lateralization defines different learning functions in the left and right-brain hemispheres. Brain lateralization Asher sees Total Physical Response as directed to right-brain learning, whereas most second language teaching methods are directed to left-brain learning. Similarly, the adult should