现在分词作状语有几种形式.PPT

The ing-form used as adverbial * 现在分词作状语有四种形式 1.一般形式，由动词原形＋ing构成． 2.完成形式，由having+过去分词． 3.进行被动式：由being＋过去分词 4.完成被动式：由having been＋过去分词构成 现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的 前面加not (never) * 1.现在分词何时用一般形式? ⑴当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且和谓语动词同时发生，则用分词的一般形式． He was ill and didn’t attend the meeting. =Being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting. * ⑵如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作,这动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立即发生,也用分词的一般形式. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. * 2.现在分词何时用完成形式？ 当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且发生在谓语动作之前，则用分词的完成形式． Having finished the class, she went home. =After she finished the class… * 3.现在分词何时用进行被动式？ 当分词的动作由主语承受，而且分词的动作与谓语动词同时发生时． Being criticized by the employer, the new employee hung his head. * 4.现在分词何时用完成的被动式？ 当分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，且分词表示的动作由主语承受． Having been praised for his job, Tom worked harder. * 现在分词作状语相当于状语从句可表时间，原因，方式，伴随情况，结果或条件等 * (1)相当于原因状语从句 a. Being ill, she didn’t g to school today. =As she is ill, … b. Having seen the film ,he didn’t go to the cinema with them. =Because he had seen the film ,… * Turning around (=When she turned around), she saw an ambulance driving up. （2）相当于时间状语从句 * (3)表示行为方式，伴随情况或补充说明等 The students went away, running and laughing. * (4)表示结果 a. The old man died, leaving nothing but debts. b. we hurried to school ,finding there were no students in the school. * (5)表示条件 If playing all day ,you will waste your valuable time. * 注意1：不是每个状语从句都能用分词替换 只有当分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，才能用分词替换． * We are sitting here, making notes. make的动作由主语我们发出 Being scolded by his mother, the boy hung his head. Scold 的动作由the boy承受 * 注意2：如果分词和句子没有逻辑上的主谓关系，则不能用单个的分词作状语，可以用分词的独立主格结构或状语从句． * 现在分词的独立结构为名词或代词＋分词，名词或代词是分词的逻辑主语 Time permitting, I’ll call on you this Sunday. He entering the office, a letter was found on the ground. * 分词作状语时,在少数情况下,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,分词用来修饰全句 Judging from his accent, he seemed to be from Hunan province. =If we judge… * Generally speaking, every spy has a contact. Considering his age, he was helped by the young fellow.