常考的动词+宾语+宾补结构.doc

常见五个动词加宾语和宾补 一．“make+宾语+宾补”的用法 “make+宾语+宾补”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当，例如： (1) A good friend is someone who makes you happy.（形容词作宾补） (2) They made me repeat the story.（省to的动词不定式） (3) He raised his voice to make himself heard.(过去分词作宾补) 注：“make+宾语+宾补”结构中不用现在分词充当宾补。 (4)We made him monitor of our class.（名词作宾补） 注：职务名词充当宾补时其前面不要加冠词。 二、“with+宾语+宾补”的用法 “with+宾语+宾补”是高考试题中考查十分频繁的结构，“with+宾语+宾补”结构中的宾补主要有形容词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不式等，在考题中常要求选择宾补的形式，在选择时宾补空间该使用什么形式，主要限决于宾语与宾补的关系，主动关系用现在分词，被动关系则用过去分词，此外，不定式作宾补要表示含义为将来的意味，例如： (1) With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.(宾语so many people与communicate是主动关系，因此用现在分词作宾补) (2) With everything he needed to buy, he went into the store. (不定式作宾补表示将来的含义) (3) With everything he needed bought, he left the store. (过去分词作宾补表被动表完成) (4) With my key lost, I couldn’t enter my room. (过去分词作宾补) (5) With nothing to do, I went out for a walk. (不定式作宾补) (6) I went out with the window open. (形容词作宾补) 另外，“with+宾语+宾补”结构中还可由介词短语、副词短语来充当宾补，如： (1) She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. (2) He left the room with the light still on. 三、“have+宾语+宾补”的用法 在“have+宾语+宾补”这一结构用法中，充当宾补的常用的有do，doing, done和adj，例如： (1) I’ll have my hair cut this afternoon.我今天下午要理发。 (2) I won’t have you saying to your mother that way. (3) He realized that she did not wish to have her go with him. (4) I expect Amy will have the tea ready directly. 注意：have sth. done的含义为“请别人来做某事或遭遇到某到情况”，例如： (1) I had the door painted last week. (2) He had his pocket picked. (3) She had her watch stolen. 四、“find+宾语+宾补”的用法 “find+宾语+宾补”这一结构中的宾语补足语可以由现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及不定式to be等来充当。分别举例如下： (1) You will find it a very difficult book. (2) The youth found it a hard problem to think about. (3) When he came to himself, he found himself surrounded by a group of boys. (4) I hope to find you in better spirits when we meet again. (5) I find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful. 注意：find+宾语+宾补