定语从句复习讲解与精练.doc

定语从句复习讲解与精练 □定语从句（一） ▲关系词的意义及作用 定语从句是中学阶段英语语法中十分重要的一个语法项目。它在句子中出现的频率很高。对正确理解句子的意义起着举足轻重的作用。定语从句分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。关系词有两个作用：一、引导定语从句。二、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。理解和牢记这两条概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。 ▲关系词的选用与判断 　在前一节中我们讲到正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。关系词的选择完全取决于先行词在定语从句中所充当的什么成分。关系词一共有九个，它们在从句中所充当的句子成分见下表。 关系词 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 说　明 that 人/物 人/物 √ × √ 不能用于非限定性从句 which 物 物 × × √ 　 who 人 × × × × whom × 人 × × × whose × × × 人/物 × when × × × × √ where × × × × √ why × × × × √ as 主要用于非限制性的定语从句和such…as, the same…as, as…as,结构中。 ▲关系词的选用1.先行词为all,everything,nothing等不定代词，代替物时，定语从句that用引导。　　注：something后一般用which。　　Is there anything that you want to explain?　　In 1898 they declared that they believed there was something in nature which gave out radiation.2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词或only,very,none,no,little,few,much等修饰时定语从句用that引导。　　This is the only reason that I can say.　　This is the first step that can be taken.　　It is the best one that you may choose.3.way后面的定语从句，引导定语从句有三种情况： a.在比较正式的文体中用in which； b.一般情况下用that c.in which和that省去。 　　a. I was struck by the beauty of the way in which she stood.　　 It was clear that the speaker now trusted Tom from the way in which these words were said.　　b. Lincoln asked the people to think of slavery in the way that these men did.　　 Mary,there is one way that you could stop others talking about you and criticizing you.　　c. Thats the way I looked at it.　　　The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.4.先行词是表示地点的名词时（country,school,room…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状 语，一般用where引导定语从句。也可以用介词＋which的结构。值得注意的是which前介词的选择是根据 先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。　　The room where(=in which)he used to live has now been turned into a museum.　　The desk where(=on which)I put my bag is his.　　This is the school where(=in which)I joined the Party. □定语从句（二） ▲关系词的选用与判断（续） 5.先行词是表示时间的名词（year,month,day,night…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间状语，一般用when引导定语从句。也可以用介词＋which的结构。值得注意的是which前介词