低产油井抽油机原理及动力学研究.doc

低产油井抽油机原理及动力学研究 李娟1 韩梅2 程远方1 韩修廷1,3 中国石油大学（华东）石油工程学院，山东省青岛市 266580；2. Department of Petroleum Engineering, The University of Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States；3.大庆油田有限责任公司技术发展部，黑龙江省大庆市 163453） 摘要：针对现有抽油机应用于低产油井时体积大、重量大、能耗高、效率低的问题，提出一种低产油井抽油机，实现体积小、重量轻、效率高、能耗低。通过理论分析，建立了该机型的运动和动力学模型。通过实例计算、室内和现场试验表明，该机型减速器输出轴净扭矩和电动机有效输出功率波动较小，全周期做正功，提高了电动机瞬时利用率和系统效率，节能效果明显。 关键词：低产井，抽油，动力学，效率，能耗 Principle and Kinetics of Low-yield Oil Wells Pumping Unit Li Juan1，Han Mei2，Cheng Yuanfang1，Han Xiuting1,3 (1. School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shandong Province,China; 2. Department of Petroleum Engineering, The University of Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States； 3. Department of Technical Development, Petrochina Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd.,Daqing 163453, China) Abstract: In order to solve problems, such as bulky, heavy, high energy consumption and low efficiency when the existing pumping units are used in low-yielding wells, a low-yield oil well pumping unit is proposed, with characteristic of small size, light weight, high efficiency, and low energy consumption. By theoretical analysis, the movement and dynamic models are established. The calculation example and laboratory and field tests show that there are small fluctuations in the net torque of the unit reducer output shaft and the motor effective output power, and effective work is done in the whole cycle, and the motor instantaneous utilization and system efficiency are improved, and energy saving effect is obvious. Key words: low-yielding wells, pumping, kinetics, efficiency, energy consumption 基金项目：中石油科技攻关项目（dq2007-eyk004）资助 随着能源供需矛盾的日益突出，非常规低渗特低渗油田的开发越来越受到重视[1-3]；并且，油气勘探开发程度的加深和技术的提高，为开发低渗油田资源提供了保证。随着低渗透油田的开发，低产井数量越来越多[4-5]，但是，应用于低产井采油的大部分现有抽油机存在如下问题：结构体积大（高8米，长8米以上），钢铁使用量大（6~25吨/台），能量传递环节多（如图1），系统效率低，减速器输出轴净扭矩存在负值造成反向发电，能耗大。低产井系统效率测试结果如表1所示。 表1 低产井系统效率测试结果 机型及电机 井数 口 液量 t·d-1 泵径 mm 冲程 m 冲次 min-1 液面 m Pmax kN Pmin kN 系统效率 % 双驴头-伺服永磁 8 3.58 32 1.7 4.2 1258 33 14 12.67 塔架-数控永磁 6