肺炎链球菌危害与防控.ppt

* 要点： 我国老年社区获得性肺炎现状。 * * Pneumococcal meningitis can present with the following symptoms. These symptoms can look like the flu and not all symptoms may be present. * 在中国，肺炎球菌性疾病负担的评估： 肺炎球菌性疾病每年引起的死亡为125,000 例；——REF 2 p78: Para 1, L2 肺炎球菌肺炎每年2,500,000 例；——REF 2 p78: Para 1, L1 * * Meningitis and septicaemia can develop very quickly – children can go from the flu-like symptoms listed earlier to ICU. If pneumococcal disease is diagnosed early on, it can be treated with antibiotics. However, the bacteria is becoming more resistant to antibiotics making it difficult to treat and resulting in longer hospital time for the individual involved * 多中心监测结果显示，多重耐药的肺炎球菌常见并在不断增多.1-3 事实上，某些地区高达 35% 的肺炎球菌分离株对青霉素耐药1 肺炎球菌对抗生素耐药可引起多重后果. 治疗失败 全球，急性呼吸系统感染和脑膜炎治疗失败是肺炎球菌耐药的主要表现.4 需要用昂贵的抗微生物药物替代5 住院时间延长5 医疗费用增加5 References Whitney CG, Farley MM, Hadler J, et al. Increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1917-1924. Whitney CG, Schaffner W, Butler JC. Rethinking recommendations for use of pneumococcal vaccines in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33:662–675. Peterson LR. Penicillins for treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia: does in vitro resistance really matter? Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:224-233. Schrag SJ, Beall B, Dowell S. Resistant Pneumococcal Infections. World Health Organization, 2001. Available at: /csr/resources/publications/drugresist/Pneumonoccal_infections.pdf. Accessed October 10, 2006. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of pneumococcal disease: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR. 1997;46(RR-08):1-24. 1/Whitney 2000, p 1922, C1, ?1, L1-3 p 1923, C2, ?1, L9-14 2/Whitney 2001, p 662, C1, ?1, L9-14 3/Peterson, p 225, C1, ?1, L6-8 1/Whitney 2000, p 1918, C2, ?3, L3-6 p 1923, C2, ?1, L9-14 4/Schrag, p 1, C1, ?1, L5-9 5/CDC-MMWR 1997, p 4, ?2, L11-13 5/CDC-MMWR 1997, p 4, ?2, L11-13 5/CDC-MMWR 1997, p 4, ?2, L11-13 1/Whitney 2000, p 1922,