心脏解剖与发生.ppt

一、组成 Organization Heart 心 A muscle pump to maintain the flow of blood, Consist of four chambers (right and left atria, right and left ventricles) Artery 动脉 a. carry blood away from the heart Veins 静脉 v. carry blood back to the heart Capillary 毛细血管microscopic vessels, the area of exchange between blood and tissue fluid Blood circulation Systemic circulation 体循环 left ventricle→aorta and its branches→capillaries of body→superior and inferior vena cava→right atrium Pulmonary circulation 肺循环right ventricle→pulmonary a.→capillaries of lung→pulmonary v.→left atrium 二、Vascular anastomosis 血管吻合 Anastomosis between a. Anastomosis between v. Arteriolovenular anastomosis 动静脉吻合 Collateral vessels侧副管 Circulation侧支循环 Three borders Right border－vertical, is formed entirely by right atrium Left border－round, is mainly formed by the left ventricle and partly by the left auricle Inferior border－horizontal, is formed by the right ventricle and cardiac apex Similar functions for right and left atriventricular valves Open during diastole to allow blood to enter ventricles from atria Closed during systole to prevent regurgitation of blood into atria Similar functions for pulmonary and aortic valves Opening during systole, with cusps pressed toward wall of vessel as blood is forced upward Closed during diastole Ventricular pressure drops in diastole Floating together of valve cusps, with free borders meeting, thus closing the valve Ⅰ 心内膜 Ⅱ 心肌膜 Ⅲ 心外膜 Ⅳ 心瓣膜 心脏的特殊传导系统 Arterial supply 1、Left coronary artery 左冠状动脉 Arises from left aortic sinus Runs between pulmonary trunk and left auricle into coronary sulcus Branches Anterior interventricular branch 前室间支 Circumflex branch 旋支 Distribution－supplies left atrium and ventricle, lesser portion of anterior wall of right ventricle, and anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum 2、Right coronary artery 右冠状动脉 Arises from the