高中语法非谓语动词之动词不定式讲解与练习.ppt

高中语法非谓语动词之动词不定式讲解 非谓语动词之动词不定式 动词不定式的语法功能 动词不定式的省略 动词不定式的否定式 动词不定式主动表示被动 动词不定式高考链接 动词不定式的简介 动词不定式是由to+动词原形组成，是动词的非谓语形式。它可以带宾语，构成动词不定式短语，在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用，因此在句中可以充当谓语以外的任何成分，即主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、主补和同位语。 一、动词不定式的语法功能 （1）动词不定式（短语）作主语 To love is to be loved. 爱别人就是被人爱 To teach is to give. 教育就是奉献 ※注意： 1）在口语中，动词不定式作主语时常用it做形式主语，而真正的主语则被置于句子的后面。 It will takes me three hours to do this job. It is of great importance to solve the housing problem. 动词不定式做主语 2)假如动词不定式要带逻辑主语。则需介词of或for来引导。 It is good for me to have a talk with you. It is cruel of man to kill animals in such a casual manner. 总结：能用于介词of的结构的形容词有：good， kind， bad ，wicked，clever，wise，foolish，stupid，selfless ——主观感情或态度 能用于介词for的结构的形容词有：important，necessary，impossible，better——客观情况 3)在疑问句或感叹句中要用it来做主语 例如：Is it worth our while to hold such a long meeting? What good news it is for me to hear that my brother has got his visa to America! （2）动词不定式作宾语She decided to quit her job at last.I hope to see you soon. ... ※注意：1）在以下动词后只能跟动词不定式作宾语：afford,agree,aim,ask,claim,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,expectfail,hope,manage,plan,refuse等2）在should(would)like,love,prefer等之后必须用动词不定式（短语）。例如：I would like to give you a big hand.3)在下列及物动词后一般可以跟“疑问词+动词不定式短语”advise,ask,decide,find out,instruct,know,forget,imagine,learn,例如：I dont know what to do. (3)动词不定式做表语 紧跟在系动词如：be,seem,remain,appear,get等词之后 例：The most important thing for the United states to do now is to rescue the woulded. ※注意： 1）动词不定式作表语主动形式表示被动含义的结构有to blame，to let，to find out. Who is to blame? The house is to let. Suspects are still to find out. 2)be to 含有按计划，按命令做的事情或应该、可能、注定发生的事情 例：We are to meet once a week. 我们按计划将一个月碰一次头。 What is to be done?应该怎么办？ The key is nowhere to be found.可能 (4)动词不定式作宾语补足语或在被动语态中作主语补足语 例：Wed love you to give us a hand. He was made to repair the broken chair. ※ 注意： 1）在一些动词后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式to要省略掉。这类动词包括感官动词和使役动词。如：see,hear,watch,have,make,let等。但如果句子是被动语态，动词不定式为主补时，要带to（let 除外） I heard her sing a song