中国高科技园区的发展.ppt

China’s High-Tech Industry and Its Trade with the U.S. Jiyao BI, Ph.D. Institute for International Economic Research (Beijing China) September 26, 2007 *The views expressed in this presentation are solely those of the presenter. It is not meant to represent in anyway the views of the governmental departments of PRC or its individual officials. RD Activities in China’sHigh-Tech Industry 1. Development of China’s High-Tech Industry China began to adopt encouraging policies in hi-tech industry in the 1980s, with an aim to promote technological progress and accelerate the development hi-tech industry. From 1995 to 2005, the share of hi-tech sector in manufacturing output had increased from 8.5 to 15.8 percent. The hi-tech product trade has also expanded significantly. In 2006 the export of hi-tech products accounted for 29 percent of China’s total export, while the import accounted for 31.2 percent. Hi-tech product exports have become an important component of China’s exports, while hi-tech imports have become an important source of China’s technological advancement. 2. RD Activity in China’s High-Tech Industry Despite rapid quantity expansion, the innovation capability of China’s companies is still weak, with RD input being relatively low. According to China’s first national economic census in 2004, only 17,000 companies have conducted RD activities among 270,000 ones above the scale with sales volume exceeding 5 million yuan or US$650,000 . Only 3536 companies past the test that both RD intensity and ratio of VAT to sales volume are higher than 4% and 2%, respectively, which includes 2930 Chinese enterprises and 606 foreign-funded ones. In some universally acknowledged hi-tech sectors, China’s RD intensity is lower than 1 percent. The above situation indicates that most of Chinese companies rely on existing or import technologies in manufacturing, with less incentives for RD due to various reasons. 3.Ratio of RD Expenditure in Four Sectors Sectors Numbers of Com