阅读理解中长句难句的分析.doc

阅读理解中长句难句的分析 阅读中理解长句难句的阅读技巧―――简化理解一个英语句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂无非是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。这些附属成分常有逗号或分隔符号与句子隔开，且插在一个句子中间，使本来完整的句子被断开，因而增加句意理解的难度。我们可以用简化法来理解——把长句简短化。简化理解可分两个步骤。第一步是跳读。所谓跳读就是跳过那些附加部分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义。第二步是理解附加部分。这种做法能够分解句子难度，使长句短化，难句易化，从而更容易更准确地理解一个句子。 例如：2003年高考英语试题（全国卷）的第1篇阅读理解为例，这篇文章有194个单词，却只有9个句子，平均每个句子大约有22个单词。文章如下： Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred. Coming in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利领土). They share one street, a small airport and a few hours of television per day.(1) 跳读插入语请看文章第一段的第一句。第一步跳过插入语找出句子主干：Tristan da Cunha is the farthest inhabited island in the world (Tristan da Cunha 是世界上无人居住的最偏僻的岛屿）；第二步理解附加的插入语部分：a 38-square-mile island（该岛面积为38平方英里，而且这是吉尼斯记录之一），这样该句话的意思就弄明白了。(2) 跳读非谓语动词短语?? 我们来看第一段第三句。首先跳过前面的非谓语动词短语，找出主干：the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred (该岛是英国领土，人口大约几千)。然后再来理解前面的非谓语动词短语：Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the sam