托福阅读试讲.pptVIP

TOFEl Reading 文章具体结构: Intro: background(细节) topic(主旨) Body: sub-topic(观点), analysis(分析) evidence(例证) Conclusion: topic(主旨) 文章类型: 参见OG第19页 1.顺承式: 时间及时间发展线索.(线型结构) 2.分类式: 分类方式及类别特征. (树型结构) 3.问题解决式\现象解释式: 解决方案\解释及最终结论.(伞型结构) 阅读方法— 泛读----快速阅读与有效阅读 (1) 阅读中的详略结合-----SKIMMING 1) 需要详细阅读的内容 结构主体的内容 非举例性质的概括描述 题目映射回原文的内容 2) 可以快速浏览的内容 1.大量的数据堆砌 2.明显的举例: 为何而举,举例主体,结束位置 3.对比\类比读一半 4.让步\转折读一半(转折以后的那一半) (2) 理解单位扩大和阅读中逻辑的构建----模糊理解理论 1) 阅读中的恶习----指读\声读\回读\视角高度过低\二次阅读 2) 扩大理解单位和阅读逻辑 可以合并为意群的成分: i.副词 ii.介词短语 iii.分词短语 iv.非谓语的不定式 v.主语和谓语或谓语和宾语 vi.固定搭配 1. 词汇题(Vocabulary Question) (1) 词汇题简介和提问方式: The word/phrase XXX is closest in meaning to____ (2) 词汇题的解答方法 认识：直接解题，沾边就对。就题做题 不认识： 推断：　从词的本身 　　　　　　　 上下文：因果＼对比＼解释 　　　　　　　 代入验证 　　　　　　　 (1) 指代题简介和提问方式: The word they/ their/ it/ its/ some in the passage refers to (2) 指代题的解答方法 代词 a. 从句的代词指代主句的主或宾语(使用属性判断,不用含义) b. 关系代词指代先行词(插入结构不影响指代关系) c. 重复概念指代: Tom and his cat(就近原则) 注意: a.被指代对象往往在代词之前出现 b. 从句开头往后找答案 c. 代词和被指代对象的数性和性质必须一致 d. 指代的传递现象 2. 指代题(Reference Question) Jupiters and other giant planet are of a low-density type quite distinct from the terrestrial planets: they are composed predominantly of such substances as hydrogen, helium, ammonia, and methane. The word they in the passage refers to (A) nuclear reactions (B) giant planets (C) terrestrial (D) substances If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on plants. The word which in the passage refers to (A) tissues (B) substances (C) barriers (D) alkaloids Aciculturists, people who raise birs for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rate