中国古典园林_英文.ppt

History Chinese garden, and its associated garden culture are expressions of Chinese vernacular landscape architecture aesthetics. Several cultural factors to form Classical Chinese Gardens and make it distinctive include Neolithic shamanism(萨满教), Geomancy（撒土占卜）, Confucianism and Taoism. Neolithic Neolithic China was more productive than any of its contemporary civilizations. Chinese vernacular landscape architecture began in the Neolithic Yellow River Valley. Nature Design The design of Chinese gardens was to provide a spiritual utopia for one to connect with nature, to come back to ones inner heart, to come back to ancient idealism. Chinese gardens are a spiritual shelter for people, a place they could be far away from their real social lives, and close to the ancient way of life, their true selves, and nature. This was an escape from the frustration and disappointment of the political problems in China. The garden scenes are all constructed to be best viewed from a pavilion or a path. It is the location of the building; however, that determines the circulation of paths. The path itself can become architectonic by the addition of roof and screen walls. These screen walls often have moon-shaped doorways and small windows in the shapes of vases and apples. The sculptural Taihu rock is especially prized because it represents wisdom and immortality, and is only procurable from Tai Lake. Such rocks, combined with streams and pools, form the basis of a gardens plan. The Chinese word for landscape, shan shui, literally means mountains and waters while a common phrase for making a garden means digging ponds and piling mountains. The softness of water offsets the solidity of the rocks, while also acting to reflect the constantly changing sky above. Goldfish, carp(鲤鱼), and mandarin ducks are three of the most commonly raised fauna. The goal of the design is to make the scenery beautiful, the surrounding is quiet and cool, and the landscape wonderful. Templ