医疗英文综述的书写课件.ppt

Most readers will read the abstract and not the entire manuscript. The “window” shows what is inside. The structured abstract includes Objectives (includes hypothesis), (Design), Methods, Results, and Conclusions (implications). For review articles: Purpose, Methods (how studies were selected), Results, Conclusions. The limited length requires concise statements. From the abstract, one should be able to determine what was done. Since numbers are not generally included, one may not be able to assess completely the impact of the work. Although it is customary to use the past tense, the present tense gives a “fresh” and “stronger” view of the information. We will see an example of this. If you use the present tense, you may overstate the results; if you use the past tense, you may understate the results. Remember to review the abstract after the final draft of the manuscript has been prepared. The abstract should reflect accurately reflect the information in the body of the text. A citation could be included if your data are confirming or in conflict with a previous report. Make your data available to interested readers. Remember the purpose of the Abstract. You are a salesman; sell what you have done. This is in review. In some cases, the editor will insert the reference at the end of the abstract. It is acceptable to include statistical values in epidemiological studies or if a main point of the paper is to show that something is statistically significant. Instead of stating, “These data can lead to a cure of gliomas,” it would be better to state, “This information could be useful in the development of new treatments for gliomas.” Extreme words: critical, crucial, tremendous, outstanding, monumental. Unimportant subject or minor contribution. The editor may reject the manuscript if the abstract is too long (over the specified limit). There is no need to write a review in the abstract. “Expression of the protein changed after the cells were exposed to NO.” “The tr