大学课件翻译理论与实践第六章 英汉转换译法 第一节 正面表达和反面表达的转换.doc

PAGE PAGE 1 第六章 英汉转换译法 第一节 正面表达和反面表达的转换 这里所谓的正面表达和反面表达是指在英语中是否用no, not或者带有de-, dis-, im-, in-, un-, less-等前、后缀的词，在汉语中是否用“无，非，不，没，未，否”等表示否定意义的字，如果有就是反面表达，反之就是正面表达。 如：两个人谈话，其中一个说： “I am not kidding.”这反面表达。（我不是在开玩笑。） 译成汉语从正面表达： 另一个说： “I meant it, too.”为正面表达。（我也是认真的。） 译成汉语可以从反面表达： 正面表达与反面表达只是表达方式的不同，它们所传达的意思是相同的。因此，在通常情况下，正反表达法的互变只是一种权宜的变通手段。 例如： incomplete infrequent illiterate untouchable exactly fail miss dumb-bell 但在某些情况下，这种变通则是一种必需。 一、英语含蓄否定句汉译时从反面表达 All music is alike to me. （一）动词或动词短语引起的含蓄否定句 1. I hate to get personal, but you’re much older than Byron. 2. I hate to say good-bye. 3. Then, the source of energy will cease to be a reason for war. 4. My father will kill me when he finds out. 5. The specification lacks detail. 6. We must keep the proletarian state from ever changing colors. （二）介词或连词引起的含蓄否定句 1. That lazy boy went to class before he had prepared his lesson. 2. Mr. Smith was above reproach. 3. Her beauty is beyond compare. 4. Instead of Mr. Black, Mr. White delivered a speech at the meeting. 当but, except, except for, barring, besides等词义相当于leaving out时，均宜译成反说式，以免引起词义含混。 （三）名词引起的含蓄否定句 1. A few instruments are in a state of neglect. 2. We cannot finish the work in the absence of these conditions. 3. She was at a loss what to do. （四）形容词及其短语引起的含蓄否定句 1. I am far from considering it perfect. 2. The newspaper accounts are far from being true. 3. We must be free from arrogance and rashness and learn from people. 4. He is the last man I want to see. 5. Present supplies of food are short of requirements. （五）too，but引起的含蓄否定句 too, but在一定的上下文中具有否定的含义，因此，含有这两个词的英语句子往往要译为汉语的否定句。 1. But for your efficiency, our timely communication should have been impossible. 2. He is too much of a coward to shoot. 3. His mother is anything but angry. 4. I’ll do anything but that. 5. I would go with you but that I am so busy. 6. He is anywhere to be found but in his office. （六）有些肯定的比较句含有否定的意义，可译为汉语的否定句 1. You ought to know better than to do that sort of thing. 2. Your temper