过去分词作后置定语说课讲解.ppt

* * The Past Participle as the Attribute 过去分词作定语，在语态上表被动；在时间上表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。 a grown woman a retired officer a woman who has grown a officer who has retired b. 不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。 B: Yes. And we had canned fish, smoked sausages, cakes made by our teacher and fresh apples picked from the orchard. We also played a lot of games there. B: Indeed, to our delight, we helped a lost boy to find his mother. 单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面； 过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。 单个过去分词 过去分词短语 2. 过去分词作定语位置 已升起的太阳 有组织的旅行 a risen sun an organized trip 单个过去分词和形容词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代词时,也要放在这些词后面。 nothing reported something important something else 过去分词作定语的作用相当于定语从句，二者可以转换。 ① a letter written in pencil ② the book borrowed by Jack = a letter which was written in pencil = the book which was borrowed by Jack 3. 过去分词作定语和定语从句的转换 4. 形容词性化过去分词作定语 常见的有：amazed, embarrassed, disappointed, excited, encouraged, bored, interested, tired, worried, surprised, satisfied, pleased, moved, frightened等。 The _____ children were opening their presents. A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excites excited 过去分词与现在分词作定语 1.语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动。 an inspiring speech the inspired audience 鼓舞人心的演说 受到鼓舞的观众 the falling leaves 落叶（正往下落的） 落叶（已经落到地面的） the fallen leaves 2. 时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。 过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表示的动作”或“没有一定的时间性” ① Do you know the boy _______(lie) under the big tree? ⑤ He is a leader___________ (respect) by the people. lying respected 3.及物动词的过去分词与现在分词的被动式都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作. the problem discussed yesterday the problem being discussed 已经发生，完成 正在发生 Recently a survey ______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. (2011江苏) A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared 解析：compare的动作是survey发出的，现在分词短语做后置定语。 高考解析 The ability ______ an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2011湖南)