人教版高中英语必修四Unit4Grammar课件.ppt

* v.-ing形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点 1. 作定语 The experiment was an amazing success. You can find Vivien in the reading room. There were growing doubts about the victory statement. ★单个的动词-ing形式作定语常位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰成分的性质或用途，也可以表示被修饰成分的动作或状态。 A little child learning to walk (= who / that is learning to walk) often falls. A young man writing novels (= who / that writes novels) came to speak to me yesterday. Her sons, both working abroad (= who both work / are both working abroad), ring her every week. ★动词-ing形式作后置定语，其作用相当 于一个______从句。 定语 【拓展】 动词-ing形式的被动式（being done）也可作定语，表示正在发生的被动动作。 e.g. We must keep the things being discussed a secret. I knew nothing about the experiment being performed there. 2. 作状语 动词-ing形式作状语可表示时间、条件、原因、结果、方式、让步或伴随情况等，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致，动词-ing形式所表示的动作与主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 说出下列各句中动词-ing形式表示什么 状语。 1) Using your head, you’ll find a good way. ______ 2) Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way. ______ 3) Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. ______ 原因 条件 伴随 4) He came running back to tell me the news. ______ 方式 5) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened. ________________________________ 6) The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. ______ 结果 时间, 可以在分词前保留when Having finished his homework, David went to bed. Having lived there for ten years, I knew the place very well. ★动词-ing形式的完成式所表示的动作 发生在主句谓语动作______(前/后)。 Not seeing Susan, I asked where she was. Not having done it right, he tried again. ★动词-ing形式的否定形式常在其前面加 ______。 前 not e.g. Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city. 　(分词的逻辑主语是time, 而句子的主语是I, 两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用独立主格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。) e.g. I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head. 我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。 All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。 Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。 有时也可用with (without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式 e.g. With the