虚拟语气语法讲解与习题.doc

PAGE PAGE 4 虚拟语气 一．语气的分类： 语气 概念 动词的一种形式，表示说话人对说话内容的看法和态度。 分类 陈述语气 表示说话人认为他说的话是事实。 祈使语气 表示说话人提出请求，命令或劝告等。 虚拟语气 表示说话人认为他所说的话是和事实相反的主观设想或主观愿望。 二．虚拟语气的用法： （一）虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法： 1. 构成： 从句的谓语动词形式 主句的谓语动词形式 与现在事实相反 过去式（be动词一般用were） should/would/could/might do 与过去事实相反 过去完成式 should/would/could/might have done 与将来事实相反 ①过去式（be动词一般用were） ②should do ③were to do should/would/could/might do If I were you, I would give it up. (与现在事实相反) If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. (与过去事实相反) If she came/should come/were to come, I could ask her for help. (与将来事实相反) 2．特殊用法： ①错综时间虚拟条件句：条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，主从句的谓语动词要根据假设的时间来定。 If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be much better now. ②if条件句虚拟倒装：可以把if从句中的should, were, had置于句首，省略if构成倒装。 Were I you, I would give it up. Had I taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. Should she come, I could ask her for help. ③含蓄虚拟条件句：有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。 Without/But for your help, I could not have succeeded. I should have returned the book last week, but I was too busy. （but后为真实情况） He was ill, otherwise/or he would have helped us. （otherwise/or前为真实情况） ④特殊的if句虚拟：If it were (had been) not for…“要不是…” If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life. If it had not been for your help, I would have failed. （二）虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法： 1．一些表示坚持，命令，建议，要求的词用于名词性从句中时从句的谓语动词用虚拟（一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求） Our teacher suggested that we (should) study hard. (宾语从句) That we (should) study hard was our teacher’s suggestion. (主语从句) It was suggested that we (should) study hard. (主语从句) Our teacher’s suggestion was that we (should) study hard. (表语从句) Our teacher gave us a suggestion that we (should) study hard. (同位语从句) ★suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持说”时不用虚拟。 His pale face suggested that he was ill. The old man insisted that I had stolen his money. 2．主语从句中的虚拟语气：It is +形容词/名词+that从句（虚拟），常见的形容词或名词有：natural, important, necessary/essential, strange, surprising, funny, a pity, a shame,