北大微观经济学第三章 消费者行为理论.ppt

* Figure 4.9 Consumer Maximization.?(a) Interior solution: Lisa’s optimal bundle is e (10 burritos and 30 slices of pizza) on indifference curve I2. Any bundle that is preferred to e (such as points on indifference curve I3) lies outside of the opportunity set—it can’t be purchased. Bundles inside the opportunity set, such as d, are less desirable than e. (b) Corner solution: Spenser’s indifference curves are relatively flat (he’ll give up many pizzas for one more burrito), so his optimal bundle occurs at a corner of?the opportunity set at Bundle e: 25 burritos and 0 pizzas. * Figure 4.9 Consumer Maximization.?(a) Interior solution: Lisa’s optimal bundle is e (10 burritos and 30 slices of pizza) on indifference curve I2. Any bundle that is preferred to e (such as points on indifference curve I3) lies outside of the opportunity set—it can’t be purchased. Bundles inside the opportunity set, such as d, are less desirable than e. (b) Corner solution: Spenser’s indifference curves are relatively flat (he’ll give up many pizzas for one more burrito), so his optimal bundle occurs at a corner of?the opportunity set at Bundle e: 25 burritos and 0 pizzas. * Figure 4.11 Optimal Bundles Are on Convex Sections of Indifference Curves.?(a) Indifference curve I1 is tangent to the budget line at Bundle d, but Bundle e is superior because it lies on a higher indifference curve, I2. If indifference curves are strictly concave to the origin, the optimal bundle, e, is at a corner. (b) If indifference curves have both concave and convex sections, a bundle such as d, which is tangent to the budget line in the concave portion of indifference curve I1, cannot be an optimum bundle because there must a preferable bundle in the convex portion of a higher indifference curve, e on I2 (or at a corner). * Figure 4.10 Effect of Price Change on Where to Buy Gasoline.?A consumer views Canadian and American gasoline as identical. When prices are relatively low in the United States, budget line L1,