ID卡读卡器的开发及其在门禁系统中的应用.doc

PAGE ID卡读卡器的开发及其在门禁系统中的应用 摘 要 20世纪90年代射频识别（RFID）技术开始兴起，因其是一种非接触的自动识别技术，具有防水、防磁、耐高温、使用寿命长、读取距离大、安全性高、存储数据容量大以及存储信息更改方便等优点，得到了广泛的研究，并在电子收费、铁路机车车辆识别与跟踪、集装箱识别、贵重物品的识别与跟踪、宠物管理、出入门禁与考勤、车辆防盗等领域得到应用。 本文分析了ID卡应答器的基本工作机理以及ID卡内部信息的存储空间结构，并详细研究了ID卡的读卡原理和方法。在此基础上，进行了基于ID卡的门禁控制系统的软件和硬件开发。用Protel软件设计了电路原理图和PCB板，主要包括ID卡读卡电路、ISP下载电路,电源电路、E2PROM存储器扩展电路、实时时钟电路和门锁控制接口电路，论述了主要元器件的选型方法以及各部分电路的工作原理。用Keil软件编写了射频信号的解码程序及门禁控制程序，并用流程图进行了说明。经过实际电路的制作和反复调试，实现了基于ID卡的智能门禁管理功能。 关键词：射频识别，读卡器，曼彻斯特码，电控锁  The development of ID card reader and its application in the access control system Abstract RFID technology, which emerged in the 1990s，is a non-contact automatic identification technology. Because it has advantages of waterproof, antimagnetic, high temperature, long service life, long reading distance, safe, large capacity of data storage, easy to modify information, etc., it has been extensively studied and widely used in many fields such as the electronic toll system, railway rolling stock and track identification, container identification, valuables of the recognition and tracking, pet management, access and attendance access control, vehicle anti-theft, and so on. The basic working mechanism of the ID card transponder and the internal information storage structure of ID card is analyzed. The principle and the method of ID card reading are studied in detail. On the basis of that, the software and hardware of access control system based on ID card is developed. Both electronic schematic and PCB are designed by Protel. The circuit schematic mainly includes ID card reader circuit, ISP download circuit, power circuit, EEPROM memory expansion circuit, real-time clock circuit and the lock control interface circuit. The selection methods of main components and the working principle of each circuit part are described. Keil software is used to programming of the radio frequency signal decoding and access control. The designed program is illuminated by flow chart.