被动语态用法详解复习课程.ppt

The Passive Voice (一) 语 态 分 类 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用： 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 主动句与被动句之间的转换  We bought some books. 主语 谓语动词主动语态的过去式 宾语 Some books were bought ( by us )  主语 谓语动词被动语态的过去分词 介词+ 宾语 My mother sweeps the floor every day. The floor is swept by my mother every day. jacket The jacket is used for keeping warm. The jacket is made in Guangzhou. Guangzhou keeping warm summary 英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用by短语表示出来. 一般现在时(simple present)： S(主语)+am/is/are +过去分词(done) 一般过去时(simple past)： S+was/were +过去分词(done) Ann can take good care of the cats ． The cats can be taken good care of by Ann. 情态动词(model verb)： S+ can/must/should等情态动词 + be+过去分词 They can sing some beautiful songs. Some beautiful songs can be sung by them. (二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以 give 为例，列表如下： 一般现在时： 一般过去时： 一般将来时： 含有情态动词 现在进行时： 过去进行时： 现在完成时： 过去完成时： 将来完成时： 过去将来完成时： ? ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 am / is / are + done was / were + done shall / will + be done should / would + be done am / is / are + being + done was / were + being + done have / has + been + done had + been + done shall / will + have been + done should / would + have been + done 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤： 1 把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。 2 把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。 3 原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。 4 其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。 被动语态的几种句型 1 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by…) A sweet song was sung by her on the stage. 2 否定句 主语 + be + not +过去分词 + (by…) 3 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 +过去分词 + (by…) A sweet song wasn’t sung by he