《黑龙江省大豆主栽品种对四种腐霉菌的抗性分析》-毕业设计（论文）.doc

lw lw 齐 齐 哈 尔 大 学 毕 业 设 计（论 文） 题 目 黑龙江省大豆主栽品种对四种腐霉菌的抗性分析 学 院 生命科学与农林学院 专业班级 生物技术063 学生姓名 指导教师 成 绩 年 6 月 20 日 摘要 大豆根腐病是一种分布较广，危害极其严重的世界性病害，是影响大豆生产的破坏性病害之一。大豆感染根腐病后，引起地上部分叶片逐渐变黄，感病植株矮化，结荚少；地下部侧根的根尖先受到侵染，继而主根下半部出现褐色条斑，表皮及皮层变黑，严重时主根下半部分全部腐烂，造成植株死亡，直接影响大豆产量。国内主要分布在东北和黄淮地区，传播方式为土传，一般减产10%-30%，重病地区可以减产60%，甚至绝产。近年来随着大豆栽培面积的不断增加，大豆重迎茬状况日益加剧，导致大豆根腐病的危害逐年加重，对大豆产量和品质的影响越来越大。 对黑龙江省20份大豆品种进行抗P.irregulare（畸雌腐霉）、P.sylvaticum（异宗配合腐霉种）、P.ultimum（终极腐霉）、P.aphanidermatum（瓜果腐霉）四种腐霉菌的鉴定，发现具有较丰富的抗病资源。不同大豆品种对不同腐霉菌的抗性存在着明显的差异。其中综合抗病性最高的品种为：腐-17、腐-4、腐-7；综合感病最高的为：腐-15、腐-9。 关键词：大豆；腐霉菌；根腐病；抗性 Abstract Soybean root rot is a kind of worldwide serious disease, one of the destructive diseases, affecting soybean production. After infected by soybean root rot pathogen, the leaves gradually turned yellow, susceptible plants dwarfed, pods reduced, the tips of lateral root of the under-ground part were infected firstly and then brown stripe fleck appeared on the underside of taproot, the darkening at the epidermis and cortex, the under part of taproot entirely rot, and the whole plant death gradually, directly affected on the soybean yield. The disease mainly distributed in the Northeast and the Huang-Huai region in China. Soil-borne is an important mode of transmission of the disease. The disease can lead to reduce ten to thirty percent of soybean production in generally, sixty percent in serious illness region, even total destruction. In recent years, with increasing the status of soybean continuous cropping, root rot become more and more serious, seriously affecting the yield and the quality of soybean. Carries on anti-P.irregulare, P.sylvaticum, P.ultimum, the P.aphanidermatum 4 kind of spoiled molds appraisals to the Heilongjiang Province 20 soybean varieties, discovered that has the rich disease-re