初乳中生物活性物质的开发与应用.pdf

※专题论述 食品科学 2007, Vol. 28, No. 09 575 庞广昌 (天津市食品生物技术重点实验室，天津商业大学生物技术与食品科学学院，天津 300134) ：初乳不同于常乳，它是哺乳动物为自己的后代准备的第一份食品。牛初乳不仅含有哺乳动物所必需的各 种营养物质、矿物元素和氨基酸，还含有很多具有生物活性的多肽、底聚糖类物质。其中研究较多的有：非肽 类营养因子(nonpeptide trophic factors)，激素(hormones)，细胞因子(cytokines)，生长因子(growth factors)，表皮 生长因子受体配基家族(epidermal growth factor receptor ligand family)，表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor)，转移 生长因子(transforming growth factor )，转化生长因子β家族(transforming growth factor βfamily)，胰岛素样生长因子 (insulin-like growth factors)，生长调节素及其结合蛋白 (somatomedins，and their binding proteins)，血小板衍生的生 长因子(platelet-derived growth factor)，(vascular endothelial growth factor)，乳铁蛋白(lactoferrin)，生长激素及其释放 因子(growth hormone and its releasing factor)和抗体等。本文就初乳的特性、这些生理因子的作用、应用、分离提 纯和研究进展进行系统综述，并从哺乳动物进化的角度分析初乳这些功在新生个体发育和分化和先天免疫中的作用。 ：初乳；生物活性因子；细胞因子 Researches and Applications of Bioactive Factors in Colostrum PANG Guang-chang (Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China) Abstract ：Colostrum is quite different from normal milk, which is a milk secreted during the first few days after calving, and its importance for the health of calves has been known for a long time. Colostrum contains not only nutrients like proteins, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, and minerals but also bioactive components like growth factors, antimicrobial factors, and sialyloligosaccharides. The most abundant and well-characterized factors in colostrum are nonpeptide trophic factors, hormones, cytokines, growth factors, epidermal growth factor receptor ligand family, epidermal growth factor, t