呼吸系统中英文.pptxVIP

Respiratory system Anatomy 鼻咽上呼吸道喉环状软骨气管下呼吸道支气管肺Structure and function General Considerations Rapid gas exchange VentilationPerfusion Diffusion Cleaning the air Alveoli(300 million alveoli in two adult lungs, provide a surface area of some 160 meters square ) Surporting structureElastic recoil(1) the conducting airways (dead air space)(2) the gas exchange portionsCiliated cell上皮 ( 纤毛柱状 )纤毛粘液排送系统Mucous cell粘膜层sIgA固有膜气管Mucous, serous and mixed glands粘膜下层外膜Cartilaginous 导气部 ：6~8肺内支气管Terminal bronchioleBronchiole 肺(软骨消失)呼吸部 ：15~18Alveolar sacAlveoli Respiratory bronchioleAlveolar duct(SMC消失)（纤毛消失）I 型 （90%）Alveoli Cohn 孔相互沟通II 型Surfactant, repair I肺间质、肺泡间隔 ：cap. , f, MφHistology of the Airways Bronchi are distinguished from bronchioles primarily by the presence of cartilage in their walls. Bronchioles also lack submucosal glands. Components Functions MucosaSubmucosaCartilageMusclesEpithelium Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells Mucous (goblet) cells Bronchial Submucosal Glands Histology of the Alveolar walls Capillaries Pores of KohnAlveoli Simple squamous StretchyPermeable to O2 and CO2Easily injuredDo not divide Reserve cellsCuboidalProduce and process surfactantDivide and differentiate to type I pneumocytes Section 1 Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)不可逆气道阻塞Irreversible airflow obstruction慢支和肺气肿Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema 常常伴发Frequently occur together 与空气污染和吸烟有关Strongly correlated with air pollution and smoking 男多于女More common in men than in women 社会经济影响Socioeconomic impactCOPD represents a growing global public health problem.In one population based study conducted at multiple international sites, approximately 10% of participants 40 years of age or older were found to have airflow obstruction of at least moderate severity according to spirometric criteria.( Buist AS, McBurnie MA, Vollmer WM, et al. International variation in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD Study): a population- based prev