英语中主要的三种替代现象.ppt

 ? 替代是一种避免重复的连接上下文的手段。在英语中主要有三种替代现象：名词性替代、动词性替代和分句性替代；同理，替代词也分为名词替代词、动词替代词和分句替代词。此外还有状语的替代。 三种替代现象 名词性替代 动词性替代 分句性替代 替代词 名词替代词 动词替代词 分句替代词 状语的替代 名词性替代 名词性替代词 某些不定代词 one 和 ones是最常见的替代词 一、名词性替代 用名词性替代词one (s), the same, the kind, the sort等所表示的替代现象叫做名词性替代。 1.名词性替代词 ??? 例：The child doesn’t like this book. Show him a more interesting one. (one = book) 例：We can trust Smith. I wish I could say the same of his partner.(the same =we can trust) 2、某些不定代词 在名词性替代中还可以用一些不定代词来替代。如all, both, some, any, enough, several, none, many, much, more, (the ) most, (a) few, another, the other, others, either等。例如： I dont want any more food. I’ve had enough. 3. one 和 ones是最常见的替代词 ??? one的复数形式是ones. one 和ones作为替代词只能用以替代可数名词， 不可用来替代不可数名词。不可数名词，诸如物质名词，是没有替代名词的，唯一可能性是用零形式代替。例如： ??? 1）The grey horse is stronger than the black one. ??? 2）The new design is much better than the old ones. 3).--This bread is stale. ---Get some fresh. 4．名词性物主代词mine，yours ??? 名词性物主代词mine, yours等可用来代替my +名词，your +名词等，例如： “Whose is that coat?” “It’s mine.” 二、动词性替代 ??? 用动词替代词do，do so等所表示的替代现象叫做动词性替代。 1．谓语的替代形式 ?do是谓语的替代形式，有时态和人称的变化。例如： 1）Some people like a shower after they have played tennis. Peter does, for example. 2）John speaks German as fluently as Mary does. 2．由do，so等组成的复合替代形式 ?? （1）“so +助动词+主语”。例如： ???? “Mary will enter the university in September.” “So will Joan.” ??? （2）“so +主语+助动词”。例如： ??? “I’ve been to Beijing.” ”So you have.” ?注：这种结构中第二句的主语与第一句的主语是同一个人，否则应像“so +助动词+主语”的结构一样，主谓要倒装。 （5）“主语+（助动词+）do + it”。例如： ??? -----“My brother said he was going to send a letter of protest to the President.” ----- ”I did it last week.” 注：如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示相同的看法时，则用“neither / nor +do +主语”。此时，do 不是动词替代词，而是助动词。例如： Mary didn’t like English, neither did her brother. （3）“主语+（助动词+）do + so”。例如： ???? “Have you sent your plan to the committee?” ???? “I did so yesterday.” （4）“主语+（助动词+）do + that”。例如： ??? “Do you know who broke the television set?” “I heard J