电气专业英语课文翻译.doc

An electric circuit (or network) is an interconnection of physical electrical device. The purpose of electric circuits is to distribute and convert energy into some other forms. Accordingly, the basic circuit components are an energy source (or sources), an energy converter (or converters) and conductors connecting them. 电路（或者网络）是物理电气设备的一种互相连接。电路的目的是为了将能量分配和转换到另外一种形式中。因此，基本的电路元件包括电源、电能转换器以及连接它们的导体。 An energy source (a primary or secondary cell, a generator and the like) converts chemical, mechanical, thermal or some other forms of energy into electric energy. An energy converter, also called load (such as a lamp, heating appliance or electric motor), converts electric energy into light, heat, mechanical work and so on. 电源（原生电池或者再生电池、发电机等类似装备）将化学能量、机械能量，热能或者其他形式的能量转换成电能。电能转换器（也称为负载，如灯泡、电热器或者电动机）将电能转换成光、热、机械运动等等。 Events in a circuit can be defined in terms of e.m.f. (or voltage) and current. When electric energy is generated, transmitted and converted under conditions such that the currents and voltages involved remain constant with time, one usually speaks of direct-current (D.C.) circuits. 电路属性可以根据电动势和电流来定义。当电能在产生、传输和变换时，若电路中相关的电流和电压不随时间而变化，我们便称其为直流电路 With time-invariant currents and voltages, the magnetic and electric fields of the associated electric plant are also time-invariant. This is the reason why no e.m.f.s of self-(or mutual-)induction appear in D.C. circuits, nor are there any displacement currents in the dielectric surrounding the conductors. 在电流和电压时不变的情况下，相关电气设备的电磁场也是时不变的。这就是为什么直流电路中没有自（互）感电动势、以及围绕在导体附近的电介质没有位移电流。 Fig.1.1 shows in simplified form a hypothetical circuit with a storage battery as the source and a lamp as the load. The terminals of the source and load are interconnected by conductors (generally but not always wires). 图1.1给出了一个假设电路的简单形式：一个蓄电池作为电源、以及一个灯泡作为负载。电源和负载的终端用导体互相连接，通常这种导体是导线，但少数情况下也有例外。 As is seen, the source, load and conductors form a closed conducting path. The e.m.f. of the source causes a continuous and unidirection