Autonomy and student-centered learning 课件.ppt

Autonomy and student-centered learning Phil Benson Hong Kong Institute of Education Autonomy and student-centered learning What is autonomy - definitions and ‘versions’? Why autonomy, why now? What kind of autonomy do we want? Sources for autonomy in language teaching and learning Sources for autonomy Political philosophy : Immanuel Kant, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Jean-Paul Sartre, Robert Young, Joseph Raz, Anthony Giddens Psychology : Lev Vygotsky, George Kelly, Bruno Bettleheim Educational reform : John Dewey, William Kilpatrick, Paolo Freire, Ivan Illich, Carl Rogers Adult education : Allen Tough, Malcolm Knowles, Philip Candy, Stephen Brookfield, Jack Mezirow Language learning : Learner-centredness, Communicative language teaching, Individual differences, Learning strategies, Sociocultural theory What is autonomy? Definitions that are not definitions 100+ competencies associated with autonomy (Candy, 1991) Autonomy in learners can “take numerous different forms, depending on their age, how far they have progressed with their learning, what they perceive their immediate learning needs to be, and so on” (Little, 1991, p.4). Autonomy is “a multidimensional capacity that will take different forms for different individuals, and even for the same individual in different contexts or at different times” (Benson, 2001: p.47). Control over learning Autonomy is “the capacity to take control of one’s own learning” Benson (2001) What is a ‘capacity’? What do we mean by ‘control of learning’? What is a ‘capacity’? What is a ‘capacity’? … just as the ability to drive a motor vehicle does not necessarily mean that whenever one gets into a car one is obliged to take the wheel, similarly the autonomous learner is not automatically obliged to self-direct his learning either totally or even partially. The learner will make use of his ability to do this only if he so wishes and if he is permitted to do so by the material, social and psychological constraints to which he is su