英语国家概况 谢福之 Chapter 2(必威体育精装版修订版).ppt

A Guide to English-Speaking Countries;Chapter 2 History;The Rise and Fall of the British Empire;; 1.1 Roman Britain and Anglo-Saxons; Stonehenge It is the most famous prehistoric monument in Britain and is situated on Salisbury Plain in the county of Wiltshire. People began building Stonehenge about 5,100 years ago, dragging each stone into place. ; ;; Julius Caesar (Gaius Julius Caesar, 恺撒大帝, 100 BC-44 BC) Changed the course of the history of the Greco-Roman world decisively and irreversibly. Launched a series of political and social reforms. Assassinated by a group of nobles.;Capable administrators good builders (towns and cities roads) Building of London River Thames “London Bridge” Building of roads ;1.1.4 The Anglo-Saxon Invasion (5th-8th Century);St. Augustine (圣奥古斯丁, ？-604/605) First archbishop of Canterbury and the apostle (传道者) of England, who founded the Christian church in southern England. Pope Gregory the Great chose him in 595 to lead a mission, usually known as the Gregorian mission, to Britain to Christianize the Kingdom of Kent. Converted many Anglo-Saxons to Roman Christianity.;1.1.5 Danish Invasion (8th Century-1066); Alfred the Great (阿尔弗雷德大帝, 871-899) He prevented England from falling to the Danes and promoted learning and literacy. Compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle began during his reign, c. 890.;;In 1066, Edward chose Harold of Wessex to be King in his place. Duke William, often referred to as William the Conquer, challenged Harold’s succession, won the Battle of Hastings, and was crowned King. ; Norman Conquest (诺曼征服) The military conquest of England by William, duke of Normandy. It is primarily effected by his decisive victory at the Battle of Hastings (Oct. 14, 1066) and results ultimately in profound political, administrative, and social changes in the British Isles.;Immediately after Christmas 1066, William started building the Tower of London, the great fortress