生态系统培训 Human Impacts_CN.pptx

Ecosystems and Biodiversity生态系统和生物多样性5. Humans and the ecosystem人和生态系统Course: Ecosystems and Biodiversity课程：生态系统和生物多样性Objective目标Add a footerIn this presentation we will look at在这章中，我们将看到:Human impacts in the Pleistocene更新世的人类影响Human impacts in the Anthropocene人类世的人类影响Positive human impacts and future perspectives人类的正面影响和未来展望Human impacts in the Pleistocene更新世的人类影响The Pleistocene epoch lasted from about 2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the worlds most recent period of repeated glaciations. The end of the Pleistocene corresponds with the end of the last glacial period更新世从大约 2, 58000 到 11, 000年前, 跨越了世界上最近一个反复冰川的时期。更新世的结束与上一个冰期的结束相对应2.5 mya250万年前11,700 ya上新世全新世更新世南方古猿属南方古猿南非类人猿人属纳莱迪人能人海德堡人直立人智人尼安德特人佛罗勒斯人Our genus Homo appeared during the transition between the Pliocene and Pleistocene. 我们的人属祖先出现在上新世往更新世过渡时期Homo sapiens appeared around 200,000 ya智人出现在大约20万年前200,000ya20万年前Add a footerAdd a footerHumans impact their environment人类影响他们的环境现代行为第一个智人Homo Sapiens started acting like we do now around 50,000 ya 大概5万年前，智人开始像现代人一样行动Creative, innovative, language, art, religion, advanced technologies, abstract thinking, burial创造、革新、语言、艺术、宗教、先进技术、抽象思维、安葬This is also about when we start detecting the first environmental impacts of humans on our planet也正是从现在开始，我们开始发现人类对我们星球的第一个环境影响Add a footerBUT…..this is not a recent phenomenon但……这并不是一个最近的现象Pleistocene megafauna更新世的巨型动物Add a footer100,000 years ago, the earth was filled with large megafauna- many more than there are today. 10万年前，地球上充满巨型动物——比今天的要多得多Over 90 genera of megafauna were found in almost all landscapes and seascapes在几乎所有的景观和海洋里我们发现了超过90个属的巨型动物They had survived on Earth for hundreds of millions of years and persisted through multiple periods of climate change.它们在地球上存活了数亿年, 穿越了多个气候变化剧烈的时期。Calicotherium- an odd-toed ungulate, related to tapirs and rhinos. Lived in Europe and Asia爪兽，一种与貘和犀牛近亲的奇蹄类动物Glyptodon- a giant armadillo-like creature weighing 1 ton- lived in South and North America雕齿兽，一种生活在南北美洲重达一顿的巨型犰狳状生物Mastodon-