解剖学05呼吸系统.pptx

Respiratory System 呼吸系统;nasal cavity 鼻腔larynx 喉conus elasticus 弹性圆锥vocal fold (or vocal cord) 声襞(或声带)rima glottidis 声门裂trachea 气管bronchus 支气管lung 肺pleura 胸膜mediastinum 纵隔;General Description;Respiratory tract; 1. External nose 外鼻 2. Nasal cavity -limen nasi nasal vestibule 鼻前庭 proper nasal cavity 固有鼻腔 nasal septum 鼻中隔 lateral wall of nasal cavity 3. Paranasal sinuses 鼻旁窦 frontal sinus 额窦 maxillary sinus 上颌窦 sphenoidal sinus 蝶窦 ethmoidal sinus 筛窦;1. External nose;2. Nasal cavity 鼻腔;The formation of the nasal septum 鼻中隔;Little region;;Olfactory and respiratory region;3. Paranasal Sinuses 鼻旁窦;Paranasal Sinuses;2. Nasal cavity and relationship ;The openings of the paranasal sinuses; 1. Position It is located at anterior part of neck, in front of 4~6 cervical vertebrae. 2. Framework: It is formed by laryngeal cartilages and their articulations. Cartilages: thyroid cartilage 甲状软骨 cricoid cartilage 环状软骨 epiglottic cartilage 会厌软骨 arytenoid cartilage (paired) 杓状软骨; Anterior view Posterior view; Anterior view Posterior view;;Articulation: 1. cricothyroid joint环甲关节: rotate around the coronary axis 2. cricoarytenoid joints环杓关节: rotate around the vertical axis 3. conus elasticus弹性圆锥: free and thicked upper border formed the vocal ligament声韧带 4. quadrangular membrane方形膜: free lower border formed vestibular ligament 5. thyrohyoid membrane甲状舌骨膜;; 3. Laryngeal cavity 喉腔; 4. Laryngeal muscles 喉肌: Posterior cricoarytenoid 环杓后肌 It can open the glottis Transverse arytenoi 杓横肌 Oblique arytenoi 杓斜肌 Lateral cricoarytenoid 环杓侧肌 They can close the glottis Cricothyroi 环甲肌 Posterior cricoarytenoid: They can lengthen and tense the vocal fold Thyroarytenoid 甲杓肌 It can relax and shorten the vocal fold ;