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Applied Thermal Engineering 108 (2016) 628–640
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Applied Thermal Engineering
journal homepage: /locate/apthermeng
Research Paper
Heat transfer characteristics and internal ?uidity of a sessile droplet on
hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces
Abdullah Al-Shara? a, Bekir S. Yilbas a,b,?, Ahmet Z. Sahin a,b, Haider Ali a, H. Al-Qahtani a
a Mechanical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
b Center of Excellence for Renewable Energy, Mechanical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
h i g h l i g h t s
Heat transfer from direction modi?es rotation of circulation cells in droplet.
Marangoni ?ow current is dominant inside droplet.
Nusselt number increases when heat transfer occurs from substrate surface to droplet.
Nusselt number attains higher values for hydrophobic surface than hydrophilic surface.
New number introduced combines the Bond number and interfacial surface energies.
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received 27 May 2016
Revised 17 July 2016
Accepted 19 July 2016
Available online 20 July 2016
Keywords:
Sessile droplet
Heat transfer
Contact angle
Nusselt number
Bond number
Heat transfer characteristics for a sessile droplet are examined for various droplet contact angles resem-
bling hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics of the surface. In the heat transfer analysis, two cases
are considered including heat transfer from droplet to the substrate surface (case 1) and heat transfer
from the substrate surface to the droplet (case 2). Temperature and ?ow ?elds inside the droplet are sim-
ulated and velocity predictions are validated through the experimental data. Variation of the Nusselt and
the Bond numbers with the droplet contact angle is analyzed for two heating situations (case 1 and case
2). The ?ndings revealed that two counter rotating circulation cells are formed inside the droplet for the
case of hydrophilic surface characteristics. The numbe
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