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非谓语动词知识点总结及专项练习
非谓语动词定义:在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。
非谓语动词分类:不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
不定式
一、 不定式的作用
1、 作主语
不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。往往用 it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。如:
It took us two hours to finish the job.
It is impossible for us to get there on time.
It is very kind of you to help us.
注意:(1)其他系动词如 look, appear 等也可用于此句型。
(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用 It is …to…的句
型。试比较:
It is to negate my own idea to believe him.(错)
To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对)
(3)It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构
成系表结构时,用 of, 否则用 for.
2、 作宾语
(1) 动词+不定式。如:
He managed to escape from the fire.
I find it hard to get along w ith him.(it 作形式宾语)
注:下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:want, try, hope, w ish, need, forget, know,
promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get 等
(2) 动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。如:
I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.
I can’t decide when to go there.
注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在
宾语补足语之后,用 it 作形式宾语。如:
I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.
3、 作宾语补足语
(1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do )。如:
He warned me to be careful.
I want you to speak to Tom.
What makes you think so?(不带 to 的不定式)
注:可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有:ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like,
advise, invite, allow, help, w ish,w arn, expect, prefer, encourage
(2) 表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如:
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
The book is believed to be useful.(被动语态)
(3) There +不定式。如:
We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
注意:
(1)有些动词需用 as 短语作补语,像 regard, think, believe, take, consider。如:
We regard Tom as our best teac her. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
(2)在动词 feel (一感),hear, listen to(二听),have, let, make(三让),notice,
see, w atc h, observe, look a(t 五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,
不定式不带 to,但变为被动语态后,必须带 to。如:
They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.
(3)help 后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带 to,也可以不带 to.
I often help him (to)clean the room.
I helped him (to) find his things.
4、 作定语
不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,
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