中国历史文化概况英文版Unit 6 Education and Employment 文档资料 精选文档.ppt

Text A Ancient Education in China Text B Innovation of Education in Ming Qing Dynasties Supplementary Reading Chinas Employment Situation + 整体上掌握 Text A 和 Text B 两篇文章的内容， 包括背景资料，单词，相关专有名词等。 + 完成 Text A 和 Text B 的课后题目。 + 浏览 Text C 。 2019/2/17 + 导读： 春秋时孔子兴办私学，“有教无类”。突破了官 府对文化教育的垄断，扩大了教育对象的范围。西汉武帝 时推行儒学教育，在长安兴办太学，还令天下郡国设立学 校，初步建立起地方教育系统。隋唐科举制度的完备推动 了教育事业的发展，自此，从中央到地方，已建立起了一 整套学校体制。 宋代学校制度更为完备，在中央有太学、 国子学等，宋代私人讲学的书院兴起。书院注重依照封建 伦理观念培养学生的道德品行，在学习方法上也鼓励讨论、 辩难和让学生自讲心得，风气比较活跃。明朝强化了前代 的科举制度。为了严厉控制士人的思想，实行八股取士， 这体现出君主专制的强烈色彩。明代中期以来，书院比较 兴盛，明朝后期东林书院以其评识朝政的活动而著名。清 朝前期的科举和学校，基本承袭明代的制度，在教育方面 进一步加强思想控制和文化专制。 2019/2/17 + In the Spring and Autumn Period (770BC - 476BC), private schools prevailed and many scholars of different schools of thought spread their teaching in this way. + + Confucius, the great educator, devoted all his life to the private school system and instructed most students. + It is said that over three thousand disciples followed him, among whom there were 72 sages who went on to broaden the acceptance of the philosophy set out by their master - Confucianism: a philosophy embracing benevolence in living, diligence in learning, and so on. Besides that, other schools such as Taoism, also taught widely and this led afterwards to a hundred schools of thought in the Warring States Period. During the succeeding years, private schools continued to exist although there were times when state education became fashionable. + During the reign of Emperor Wudi,the government introduced a system which was named taixue. Usually the students were provided with a free diet and mainly studied the classical Confucian books. Following examinations, those with good marks would directly be given official titles. + The Nine Grades of Rank in the Regime System (or Jiupin zhongzheng system), employed the following method: in each state and county there was official acting as Zhongzheng with authority to decide how people