英语语言的发展史.pptxVIP

An Introduction of English英语语言史QuestionWhy has English become the truly global language?Can you set some examples?The History of EnglishThree Periods of EnglishI.古英语时期：Old English (450-1100 A.D.) II.中古英语时期：Middle English (1100-1500)III.现代英语时期：Modern English (1500- ) -- 早期现代英语时期:Early Modern English (1500-1700) --后期现代英语时期：Late Modern English (1700-present)（在讲英语的三个发展时期之前，我们有必要先说说Indo-European Language ）Indo-European Language1786年英国梵文学者威廉·琼斯爵士(William Jones)发表了他在语言学领域里的惊人的发现：梵文Sanskrit 和希腊语Greek、拉丁语Latin是同源的。这三种语言都是从原始的印欧语 ( Indo-European parent language)演变来的。 （Textbook P187-188——8th para.）6000-5000 B.C., nomadic tribes（游牧部落）live in north-central Europe.(P188-9)About 3000 B.C., these nomadic tribes（游牧部 落）began to emigrate(开始迁徒).Eastward /Southward: India and Pakistan—产 生了古印度语(梵文 Sanskrit) Westward：Britain (west coast; scotland) Scandinavia ( Denmark/ Norway/ Sweden… )— dialects of Germanic language (日耳曼语的各种方 言)From about 750 B.C. and 500 B.C. ，the Celtic tribes (from Europe) began to settle in Britain.Celts(凯尔特人)—Celtic (凯尔特语)—Welsh(威尔士语)；Gaelic(盖尔语-苏格兰英语Scots)The Roman Occupation（55 B.C.- 410 ） -- 55 B.C., Roman invasion of Britain by Julius Caesar (尤里乌斯·凯撒) -- 43 B.C., Roman invasion and occupation. Beginning of Roman rule of Britain . -- 410 A.D., Roman power in Britain collapsed. -- 436 A.D., Roman withdrawal from Britain complete. (Textbook 7th para.)Old English (450-1100 AD)About 449, Settlement of Britain by Germanic tribes (the Angles盎格鲁人/the Saxons萨克逊人/ the Jutes朱特人)Anglo-Saxon society (textbook 10th para. )All kinds of Germanic dialects formed Anglo-Saxon（盎格鲁-萨克逊语）-- Old English后来the Angles 盎格鲁人数最多，不列颠群岛遂以盎格鲁Englaland称之。“English” 的来源（古英语拼法“Englisc”） --The “Engl-“ part of the word comes from the word Angles. --The “-isc” part means “belonging to”. --The word English means “the language that belongs to the Angles.” “England”(英国) 来之于古 英语 Engla - land (意为land of the Angles ,盎格鲁人之地) Old English (450-1100 AD)Anglo-Saxon（盎格鲁-萨克逊语） Vocabulary: sheep /