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知識管理 專題Management－理念與原則 * * 謝 金 青 Definition of management 1980: American management Association (AMA)—Management is getting things done through other people. Current: management is working with and through other people to accomplish the objectives of both the organization and its members. What is management Places greater emphasis on the human being in the organization. Focuses attention on the results to be accomplished, on objectives, rather than just things or activities. Adds the concept that accomplishment of the members’ personal objectives should be integrated with the accomplishment of organizational objectives. What are the differences between the two? 暗示? 啟發? 未來? Discussion The managerial role Managerial functions technical functions 0% Time 100% president first-line supervisor Manager’s Level in the organization 校長如何扮演 manager? 主任如何扮演 manager? 教師如何扮演 manager? Discussion Define the problem. Set objectives. Assign responsibilities and delegate authority. Allocate resources. Design controls (work plans, milestone ) Monitor progress. Solve problems along the way. appraise performance. Introduction to the management process Leadership-- Self-objectivity Analytical thinking Behavioral flexibility Oral communications Written communication Personal impact Resistance to stress Tolerance for uncertainty Personal competencies for managerial success 依上述標準自我檢測? Discussion Levels of decision-making in an organization Midlevel Top Supervisory level Strategic Administrative Operational Decision type planning-- Strategic planning Setting goals Operational planning Defining objectives Designing the organization in the best way to achieve the goals and objectives Assigning responsibilities Allocating resources Designing organizational controls The management process-1 Controlling--Management control Developing individual standards Designing proj