英语语法独立主格 1 优质课件.ppt

1 The Absolute Structure 独立主格结构 2 ? 一、概念： 独立主格结构 (the absolute structure) 是由名词或代词加上分 词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而 不是一个词或词组。 独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的 分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不 发生句法上的联系， 独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于 主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。 需特 别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 3 ? 1)Night enshrouding the earth,nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance. ? ( 黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。 ) ? 2)He lay at full length upon his stomach,his head resting upon his left forearm. ? ( 他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。 ) ? 3)The coward was backing,his face being deathly pale,toward another room. ? ( 那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去，脸色煞白。 ) 4 ? 独立主格结构多用于书面语，尤其是描述性语言中，在口 语和非正式文体中，一般用从句或两个句子来代替。例如， 上述例句可变为： ? 1)Because night enshrouded the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance. ? 2)He lay at full length upon his stomach.His head rested upon his left forearm. ? 3)The coward was backing toward another room.His face was deathly pale. 5 ? 功能： “独立主格结构”实质就是带有自己主语的非限定状语从 句。它是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。如： 表原因、 表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语 作用。 6 ? 1. 作时间状语 ? 1)My shoes removed,I entered a low-ceilinged room,treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting. ? ＝ After my shoes were removed, I entered a low- ceilinged room,treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting. ? ( 我脱掉鞋子后，走进一间屋顶很低的房间，小心翼 翼地踩在柔软的塌塌米垫子上。 ) ? 2)The governor pondering the matter, more strikers gathered across his path. ? ＝ While the governor was pondering the matter,more strikers gathered across his path. ? ( 总督思考这个问题时，更多的罢工工人聚集在他要 通过的路上。 ) 7 ? 2. 作条件状语 ? 1)Weather permitting,they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. ? ＝ If weather permits,they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. ? ( 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。 ) ? 2)Such being the case,you have no grounds for dismissing him. ? ＝ If such is the case,you have no grounds for dismissing him. ? ( 如果情况如此的话，你没有理由解聘他。 ) 8 ? 3. 作原因状语 ? 1)The storm drawing near,the navvy decided to call it a day. ? ＝ Since the