基于图像处理的火灾烟雾检测方法研究_论文.doc

摘 要 火灾给人类带来了灾难，给国家和人民造成了损失。火灾检测对于保卫人类的生命财产安全具有重要的作用。传统的火灾检测需要铺设专用的传感器设备，这对于现代的高层建筑物是比较困难且不经济的，从而迫切需要一些新型的火灾检测技术。随着智能监控设备的普及，图像型火灾检测技术应运而生了。火灾过程中的烟雾是一个重要而且有用的信号，采用现有的监控设备拍摄到的视频序列，运用图像处理的方法对视频图像中的烟雾进行检测，可最终完成火灾报警的目标。 本文主要研究基于图像处理的火灾烟雾检测方法。首先，通过高斯背景建模及背景减除法检测到运动物体，采用连通区域标记法提取出可疑烟雾区域，从而缩小检测范围，提高检测速度；然后，分别从烟雾的静态特征及动态特征两个方面提取出烟雾的四个特征：颜色特征、轮廓不规则性、面积扩散和向上的主运动方向；最后，采用加权组合法分类器对所提取的四个烟雾特征进行组合，得出最终的识别结果。实验表明，本文采用的方法能有效地消除噪声，较准确地识别烟雾。与其它方法相比，准确率较高，误检率较低，具有较好的实用价值。文章的最后总结了本文所做的工作，并针对不足之处提出下一步的研究方向。 关键词：烟雾识别；火灾报警；烟雾特征；加权组合 Abstract Fire may bring disaster to human beings and cause a loss to a country and its people. Therefore, fire detection plays an important role in protecting human lives and ensuring property security. The traditional fire detection technology needs to lay special sensors, which is difficult to implement in modern high buildings and is not cost-effective. It is urgent to develop new fire detection technologies. With the wide use of intelligent monitoring equipment, the technology of fire detection based on image processing emerges to satisfy the requirement for new fire detection technologies. The smoke in fire is an important and useful signal. We use the existing monitoring equipment to receive video sequences, then adopt the method of image processing to detect the smoke in video images, and fially fulfill the goal of the fire alarm. This paper mainly researches the method of early fire smoke identification based on image processing. First, we detect the moving object by gaussian background modeling and background subtraction and extract the suspicious smoke area with the connected component labeling method to narrow the testing scope and improve the detection efficiency. Then we extract the four characteristics of smoke as follows: the color feature, the irregular contour, the diffusion area, the main upward movement direction. Next, using the voting combination classifier to the four smoke features, we obtain the final recognition result. The experiment