现代制造技术专业英语,阅读材料1-6,9(分段).pdf

1. Cast iron 1.铸铁 Cast iron is a general term applied to a wide range of iron-carbon-silicon alloy combination with smaller percentages of several other elements. Cast iron has been used in various industrial fields. Fig.R1-1 shows the cylinder block made by cast iron. It is an iron containing so much carbon or its equivalent. It is not malleable. Quite obviously, cast iron has a wide range of properties, since small percentage variations of its elements may cause considerable change. Cast iron should not be thought of as a metal containing a single element, but rather, as one having in its composition at least six elements. All cast iron has still other elements, which should not be thought of as impurities, for they all have important effects on the physical properties. Pure iron, known as ferrite, is very soft and has few uses in industrial work. Regulating the elements other than ferrite in the cast iron controls all desirable properties, such as strength, hardness and machinability. 铸铁是一个总称， 包括范围广泛的铁碳硅合金的结合小比例的其他几个要素。 铸铁开始 用于各种工业领域。图 R1-1 所示汽缸座用铸铁制造。这是铁含有了太多的碳或其他等效的 物质。 这是不可锻造的。 很明显，铸铁具有广泛的性能， 因为其元素的小百分比的变化可能 会引起相当大的变化。 铸铁不应被认为是一个金属包含一个单独的元素， 而是， 作为一个具 有至少六个元素组成。所有铸铁含有铁，碳，硅，锰，磷，硫。合金铸铁还有其他元素，其 他元素不应该被认为是杂质， 因为他们所有的物理性质有重要的影响。 纯的铁，称为铁素体， 很软，几乎没有用于工业生产。其它元素在铸铁铁素体调节控制所有理想的性质，如强度， 硬度和可锻造性。 The cast iron family includes gray, ductile (also called nodular), white, malleable and high-alloy irons. 铸铁系列包括灰口铸铁，球墨铸铁（也被称为 nodular ），白口铸铁，可锻铸铁和高合金 铸铁。 Gray iron is itself a family of casting alloys, and is the most widely used, with an annual production several time the total for all other metals cast. 灰口铸铁本身所属的种类是铸造合金， 是应用最广泛的