泌尿系统运动与健康.pdf

The Urinary System 泌尿系统 • Kidney 肾－form urine • Ureter 输尿管 －conduct urine from kidneys to bladder • Bladder 膀胱 －receives and stores urine • Urethra 尿道 －conducts urine from bladder to exterior of body (discharged) Kidney 肾 1.General features • Bean shaped, reddish-brown organs • Superior extremity －broad and thin • Inferior extremity －narrow and thick • Anterior surface －convex • Posterior surface －flat • Lateral border －convex • Medial border －concave • Renal hilum 肾门－a vertical slit on the medial border of kidney, the structures which enter and leave the renal hilum is called renal pedicle 肾蒂, including the renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis, lymphatic vessels and nerves • Order of structures in the renal pedicle from anterior to posterior －V. A. P.; from superior to inferior －A. V. P. • Renal sinus 肾窦 －which is the renal hilum leads into a space within the kidney, the rental sinus is occupied by the ： renal vessels 肾血管 minor renal calices 肾小盏 major renal calices 肾大盏 renal pelvis 肾盂 lymphatic vessels 淋巴管 nerves 神经 adipose tissue 脂肪组织 2.Structure of the kidney 肾的构造 • Renal cortex 肾皮质 • Renal columns 肾柱 • Renal medulla 肾髓质 • Renal pyramids 肾锥体: 15 ～20 • Renal papilla 肾乳头 • Papillary foramina 乳头孔 • Minor renal calices 肾小盏 (7 －8) • Major real calices 肾大盏(2 ～3) • Renal pelvis 肾盂 3.Coverings 被膜 • （1 ）Fibrous capsule • 纤维囊 •a strong fibrous capsule which strips easily from a normal kidney surface but adheres firmly to an organ that has been inflamed （2 ）Fatty renal capsule 肾脂肪囊 －a thick adipose connective tissue capsule, surrounds the fibrous capsule. It acts as a shock absorber to protect the kidney from jolting and jarring （3 ）