HAZOP-3危险与可操纵性.ppt

Loss Prevention Loss prevention in chemical industries involve: Identification and assessment of major hazards Control of hazards by containment, substitution, improved maintenance Control of process by utilizing automatic control, relief system , interlock, alarm Limitation of loss when accident happens Loss Prevention The major formalized techniques are: Hazards and Operability (HAZOP) Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) Failure mode-and-effect analysis (FMEA) Safety indexes Safety audit What is HAZOP? Systematic technique to IDENTIFY potential HAZard and OPerating problems A qualitative technique based on “guide-words” to help provoke thoughts about the way deviations from the intended operating conditions can lead to hazardous situations or operability problems ? HAZOP is basically for safety Considerable engineering insight is involved HAZOP Team Team Leader Team Secretary Process Engineer Mechanical Engineer Commissioning/Operations Engineer/Manager Instrument Engineer HAZOP Steps These guide words are applied to flow, temperature, pressure, liquid level and composition. Deviation of these variables from normal operation is considered The consequences of these deviations on the process is then assessed. The measures needed to correct these consequences are then established Storage Tank HAZOP Table - level HAZOP Table - pressure Hazop Table - composition HAZOP Table - Temperature Documents needed for HAZOP Study ? For Preliminary HAZOP – Process Flow Sheet ( PFS or PFD ) – Description of the Process ? For Detailed HAZOP – Piping and Instrumentation Diagram ( P ID ) – Process Calculations – Process Data Sheets – Instrument Data Sheets – Interlock Schedules – Layout Requirements – Hazardous Area Classification – Description of the Process Planning for HAZOP Additional required information: Safety procedures documents Relief/venting philosophy Chemical involved Piping specifications Previous HAZOP report Planning for HAZOP Carry out the stu