建筑工程管理建筑热环境设计.pdf

建筑工程管理建筑热环境设计 s` 建筑环境设计 建筑被动式热环境设计 (向外发的资料) 宿斌博士 Tel 8154321 ext 7847, Fax 8154343, bsu@unitec.ac.nz, Room 2042D Building one Chapter 1 Climate and Building Thermal Design 第一节 气候和建筑热设计 1.1 Main Climatic Types for Building Thermal Design 建筑热设计的主要气候类型 The process of identifying, understanding and controlling climatic influences at the building site is perhaps the most critical part of building design. The key objectives of climatic design include: 可能在建筑设计中最关键的就是对建筑基地气候影响的认识，理解和控制的过 程。气候设计的主要宗旨包括：  To reduce energy consumption and cost of a building 减少能源浪费和建筑造价  To use natural energy instead of mechanical system and powe 用自然能源来取代人工机械系统  To provide comfortable and health environment for people 为人们提供健康舒适的环境 For the purposes of building thermal design in the particular location, the climates are commonly classified as four basic climate types (see Figure 1): 为了达到在特殊地区建筑热设计的目的，气候通常被分为四个基本的类型（见 表 1）：  Cold climate (cool), 冷气候  Temperate climate (moderate),温带（ 四季分明）气候  Hot-dry climate (arid) 干热气候  Warm-humid climate (humid tropic). 湿热气候 In cold climate, the main problem is the lack of heat （热量缺乏） (under heating), or an excessive heat dissipation （过多的热量损耗） for all or most parts of the year. In temperate climate, there is a seasonal variation between under heating and overheating, but neither is very severe. In hot-dry climate, the main problem is overheating, but the air is dry, so the evaporative cooling mechanism （蒸汽冷却装 置） of the body is not restricted. There is usually a large diurnal (day - night) temperature variation. In warm-humid climates, the overheating is not as great as in hot-dry areas, but it is aggravate by very h