被动语态的构成和基本用法.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 4 被 动 语 态 被 动 语 态 的 构 成 和 基 本 用 法 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 定义： 语态是表示主、谓语之间关系的一种动词形式，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态的公式：be +过去分词（by sb） The watch has been repaired by the man. 被动语态的一般用法如下： 当说话者不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。 The flight was cancelled due to the fog. The project will be finished next year. 2.在特定的语境或上下文中，动作的执行者为双方所知道，没有必要说出来时。 He was elected monitor of the class. 3.强调或侧重动作的承受者时,说话人对动作的承受者更感兴趣或更为关心时，用被动语态能突出动作的对象 和结果。 A lecture on English will be given by Professor Wang this afternoon. All the rooms are cleaned regularly. His new car was stolen. 4.说话者本身是行为者，但出于对某种考虑，由于婉转、礼貌等不愿说出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态。 He was considered to be a computer genius. About the matter, much has been said, but little has been done. 5.为了行文通顺。 The hero appeared, and was warmly applauded by the students. 当那位英雄出现时，学生们给予了热烈的掌声。 A river may be dammed and when that is done,a large pressure of water is built up behind the dam. 河上可以筑坝，坝后形成了很大的压力。 6．在突出动作承受者时，如想同时指出动作的执行者，可用介词“by+动作执行者（宾语）”。 7．“It+被动语态+that从句”表示谨慎或不太肯定的语气，常用于该结构的动词有say,think,believe,agree,expect,consider,feel,know,decide,report,suggest,prove,hope.suppose,admit, announce,require,demand,estimate等。 It is said that prices will rise again this month. It is reported that all the passengers died in the crash. It is thought that about a million dogs are born each year. It is agreed that we will have two weeks holiday this year. It is well known that … It is believed that….. 8.用于通告标题广告等的被动语态往往省去助动词be。 No chinese spoken here. Shoes repaired. Famous Painting stolen. Passengers are requested to remain seated until the aircraft comes to a complete stop. Candidate are required to present themselves fifteen minutes before the examination begins. 被动语态常见的时态变化表。 主动语态 被动语态（be+过去分词） 1．一般现在时 do am,is are done 2.一般过去时 did was/were done 3.一般将来时shall/will do am/is/are going to d