基因组学课件：ThreeDelimmas.pptx

Life’s Three Basic Dilemmas at the Genomic Level Jun YUBeijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of SciencesNov 15, 2013;The Informational content of DNA is nucleotides in sequence (order);Repeats of plant genomes are mostly in intergenic regions.;MDRs in rice genome:;MDRs in rice genome: 数学定义的水稻基因组重复序列;“Jungle vs Desert” Or “Big vs Small”?;Plant and animal genomes are different with respect to the fraction that is transcribed.;The replication (DNA) load (retrotransposons fill up intergenic sequences): Why plants bear the burden to replicate the seemingly “junk” DNA – intergenic sequences (50% to 95%)? The transcription (RNA) load (retrotransposons fill up large introns): Why animals have to transcribe intronic sequences (99%) and to process them carefully? ;13-11-20;H. sapiens;;13-11-20;;Genome Size Variation of Genus Oryza;Genomes are not all created equal;The Expansions of Paralogs;;Conservation Pattern of Gene Pairs：Divergent Gene Pairs (DGP);;;Gene and Genome Parameters of Mammalian Liver Circadian Genes;13-11-20;13-11-20;Circadian genes own less neighbor genes.;;;A: Circadian genes contain more E-boxes. B1: Genes containing E-boxes own less gene neighbors on average than those genes without E-boxes no matter in circadian or non-circadian group. B2: Circadian genes always contain less neighbor genes in the with or without E-box subgroup comparing with any subgroup of non-circadian genes. ;;A-B: Most circadian genes are in high expression bins at transcript and protein level. C: Expression levels of circadian genes are higher in different tissues and different time in liver. D1. Daily expression oscillation in liver is tiny compared with variations among tissues; D2. The expression variation of circadian genes is larger among tissues and time points. E. Circadian genes decay more quickly in ES cells.;;;;A-B: Most liver circadian genes are ubiquitously expressed in multiple tissues at transcript and protein level. C: The tissue-specificity of cir