基因组学课件：Transcritomics20131204.pptx

Understanding The Complexity of Transcriptomics;The transcripts of a genome;RNA Modifications;;;Classification of Annotated ncRNA;Gene coverage bias;Methods to study transcriptomics;Meta-analysis for transcriptome;13-12-4;Influences from Both EpiG and RiboG ;;;基因组生物学之“五行”;The Rubik‘s Cube Logic: the New Paradigm;The Complex View of Life;Therapeutic Targeting of the Hallmarks of Cancer;Complex Mechanisms Lead to Clonal Heterogeneity;;Lineage-based Characterization of Genomes ;;;Two-track Biology May not be Not Enough;Evolution at Two Levels in Humans and Chimpanzees Their Macromolecules Are So Alike That Regulatory Mutations May Account For Their Biological Differences.Mary-Claire King and Allan C. Wilson;;Phenotype VariabilityPenetrance and Expressivity;Penetrance;An example of expressivity at work is the occurrence of extra toes, or polydactyly, in cats. The presence of extra toes on a cats paw is a phenotype that emerges in groups of cats who have interbred for generations. In fact, there are several well-known groups of these cats, such as those on Key West Island (known as Hemingways cats), as well as those in breeding clusters in the eastern U.S. and shores of the British Isles (Figure 2). The first to report on this phenomenon was C. H. Danforth, who studied the inheritance of polydactyly among 55 generations of cats. He observed that the polydactyly phenotype showed good penetrance, but variable expression because the gene always causes extra toes on the paw, but the number of extra toes varies widely from cat to cat (Danforth, 1947). Through his breeding studies, Danforth found that although a dominant allele underlies the cause of polydactyly, the degree of polydactyly depends on the condition of adjacent layered tissues in the developing limb; that is, the expression of genes in tissues surrounding tissue that will become the toe determines the degree of polydactyly (Willier, 1974).;Wiki-definition;Challenges to the Common Dogma;Genetic Heterogeneity