基因组学课件：TWAS2013Oct2.pptx

Life’s Three Dilemmas at Molecular Levels Jun YUBeijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of SciencesOctober 2, 2013;The Informational content of DNA is nucleotides in sequence (order);Repeats of plant genomes are mostly in intergenic regions.;MDRs in rice genome:;MDRs in rice genome: 数学定义的水稻基因组重复序列;“Jungle vs Desert” Or “Big vs Small”?;Plant and animal genomes are different with respect to the fraction that is transcribed.;The replication (DNA) load: Why plants bear the burden to replicate the seemingly “junk” DNA – intergenic sequences (50% to 95%)? The transcription (RNA) load: Why animals have to transcribe intronic sequences (99%) and to process them carefully? ;13-10-9;H. sapiens;;Genomes are not all created equal;4 Variables;A Major GC-content Increase in Rice:Genic or intergenic?Intron or Exon?Related to genes?Related to repeats?Within gene?;Not Between-gene,  But Within-gene;;Most of the Genes Are Shared Among Cells;Expression-constant Genes;Template/transcribed Strand Has More Mutations;;The More A Gene Is Used, the More Mutation It Accumulates;House-keeping Genes Tend to Harbor Less SNPs (selective constraints);TS Genes Have No Trend When Expression Level Changes ;13-10-9;Late-replicated genes tend to have more mutations (longer exposure to radiations);;The Second Dilemma: The Germline or Replication-repair Dilemma ;The Third Dilemma: Epigenomics or Genetic and non-genetic dilemma;Are all epigenomic factors environmental?;The Tempo-spatial View of Life;The RNA World Hypothesis Splicing, editing, modification, etc: the O_Ribogenomic Track The Homeostatic and Compartmental Tracks The diversity of translation machineries Molecular basis for diversity and noise reduction Dawn for stable information and some of its operational tracks: O_Epigenomic Track and O_Proteomic Track ;The 5-Track Genome Biology;Building Complexity: Networking Life;;The Compartmental Track;13-10-9;;Influences from Both EpiG and RiboG ;Influe