翻译技巧句子结构转换重复与替代.ppt

翻译技巧一句子结构的转换等  英汉翻译技巧一句子结构的转换 ·在翻译较复杂的长句时我们要用到多种翻译技 巧,有时通过词的引申、词性的转换或句子成 分的转换还是不能确切表达原文的含义,这时 就要突破原文的形式,改变句子的整个结构, 使之既忠实于原文的意义又符合汉语的表达 惯 ·一、成分分译法 即把原文中较长的句子成分,或不易安排的 句子成分分出来另作处理,一般译为汉语短语 或独立句。如:  The very short wavelengths of ultrasound make a great difference in what ordinary sound waves can do 超声波的波长极短,其功能与普通声波相比大不相 同。(主语分译) It is common knowledge that weight is a pull exerted on an object by the earth 众所周知,重量是地球作用在物体上的引力 A little yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar came 进来一个瘸腿乞丐,他身材短小,面黄肌瘦,衣衫 褴褛,满脸短髭。(定语分译) Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution ·她期待着会有某些奇迹般的解决方法,这是不合情 理的事。(状语分译)  句子变换法 ·主要包括几下几种方法 (1)把原文中的两个或两个以上的简单句译成 个单句,如: His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north of italy near the sea 他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨做小生意 (2)把原文中的主从复合句( complex sentence)译 成单句。如 One must study hard before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language. ·必须勤学苦练,才能精通一种外国语。  (3)把定语从句译成状语从句。如: The ambassador was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from ·大使只宴请了几个人,因为他特地想和这些人谈 谈,听听他们的意见。(表原因) He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for ·他坚持要再造一幢房子,尽管他并无此需要。 (表让步) There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them ·这方案富于创造性,独出心裁,很有气势,所以 他们都很喜欢。(表结果)  A cat, whose eyes can take in more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night. ·图为獯的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线, 夜里能 The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain is often called an electronic brain 由于电子计算机起着类似人脑的作用,所以常称 作电 They have come desperate for work any work which will help them to keep alive their families 人 其迫切地要求工作,不管什么工作,只要 它能维持一家人的生活 One will surely succeed who perseveres to the end. 只要坚持到底,就必定获得成功。  汉英翻译技巧-主从结构中的译者主体性 ·英汉语言之间的差异突出地表现在表达形式上。 英语重形合( hypotaxis),汉语重意合( parataxIS 可把汉语句子比作线性的竹式结构,并列结构 居多;还可把英语句子比作树式结构,主从结 构很多。由于汉语依靠意合,句子之间往往不 是靠连接词,而是通过语义逻辑关系相连,这 样就留下了一定的未定性或空白点,不同的译 者可