翻译基础11_汉语特殊句型的翻译强烈推荐.ppt

主语泛称句 当施事者难以指明时，汉语还可以采用通称（generic person）或泛称（如“人”、“有人”、“人们”、“大家”、“人家”、“别人”、“某人”等）作主语，以保持句子的主动形式。 1） 人们常常指责他优柔寡断，虽然这种指责并不总是公正的。 He has often, not always justly, been accused of indecisiveness. 2) 有人听见呼救的声音。 Voice were heard calling for help. 3) 众所周知，中国人在四千年前就发明了指南针。 It is well known that the compass was invented in China four thousand years ago. 4）有人问她感觉如何，她说：“呼吸困难。” When asked how she felt, she said: “ I’m having trouble breathing.” 5）人们必须联系世界环境去认识和研究人口控制问题。 The problem of population control has to be recognized and approached in a world environmental context. .......... * II. 被动句的翻译 汉语句表示被动意义的句型主要有两种：一种是显性被动句，即句中有”被、为、叫、让、给、受、由、遭、遇、挨、为…所”等助词、助动词和介词为标志；另一类是隐性被动句，它没有形式标志，要通过内容来判断。这种表示被动意义而没有被动形式的句子在汉语里相当多。 .......... * 2.1 显性被动句 现代汉语受西方语言的影响，“被字句”的使用范围有所扩大，有时也可以用来表达并非不如意的事，如 “被选为工会主席”、“被评为先进工作者”等，但大多数被动意义不用被动式。 庄稼让大水冲跑了。 The crops were washed away by the flood. 这股敌人全给游击队消灭了。 The whole horde of enemy soldiers was wiped out by the guerrillas. 这家工厂在地震中遭到严重的破坏。 This factory was seriously damaged during the earthquake. .......... * 2.2 当然被动句 根据汉人的思维习惯，人的行为，必然是由人来完成的，事或物不可能完成人的行为。这种不言而喻的思维模式使人们在表达时常常把施事者隐含起来，而把注意力击中在受事者及行为本身，因此，受事者便充当了主语。 昨晚我盖了两条被子。 Last night I was covered up with two quilts. 这锅饭能吃十个人。 A pot of rice like this can feed 10 people. 一匹马骑两个人。 Two persons rode one horse. 困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决了。 The difficulties have been overcome, the work has been finished and the problem solved. .......... * 2.3 某些转换式来表达被动意义 2.3.1 处置式（即“把字式“或”“将字式”） 不要把这些问题混在一起。 These questions should not be confused. 利用发电机，可以将机械能再变成电能。 The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator. 一九六四年十月，中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，这把基辛格吓了一跳。 Kissinger was alarmed by China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964. .......... * 2.3.2 “为……所”式 茅屋为秋风所破。 The thatched house was destroyed by the autumn storm. 她被花言巧语所陶醉。 She is intoxicated with sweet words. 社会主义思想体系已为全国人民所接受。 Socialist ideology has been accepted by all the people of the country. .......... * 2.3. 3 “是……的”式， 表示状态的静句，通常可以与表示动作的动句互相转