核心素养视角下七年级学生数学运算能力的调查研究——以嘉兴市某中学为例.pdf

摘 要 随着核心素养的提出，数学运算再次受到广泛关注。运算能力作为数学三大 能力和十大核心概念之一，对初中数学的学习有重要影响。七年级学生正处于具 体形象思维向抽象逻辑思维发展的过渡阶段，良好的运算能力对后期学习起着关 键作用。然而目前七年级学生的运算问题比较突出，有必要以核心素养为视角， 了解学生的运算能力现状，以便更好地培养学生的运算能力。 本文在研究相关理论的基础上，构建了运算能力评价体系，并根据学生的平 时练习、课堂反馈，编制问卷和测试卷。结合数据分析和教师访谈结果，得到以 下结论：（1）七年级学生的运算能力整体不高，学生运算能力差距较大；（2）学 生的综合应变能力较低，存在思维定势；（3）学生对于数学运算的兴趣以及重视 程度较低；（4）七年级学生的运算能力在班级、性别之间不存在显著差异；（5） 运算能力与学生的平时成绩、对数学运算的兴趣程度显著正相关；（6）教师的教 学方式相对单一。 最后根据结论，提出六点提高七年级学生运算能力的对策建议：（1）重视基 础知识与算理教学；（2）渗透思想方法，提高运算思维；（3）培养学生审题能力； （4）提高运算兴趣，端正学习态度；（5）重视运算过程，养成良好的运算习惯； （6）丰富教学方式，合理板书。 关键词：核心素养；运算能力；评价体系 I Abstract With the development of core literacy, mathematical operations have once again received widespread attention. As one of the three major mathematics abilities and ten core concepts of mathematics, operation ability has an important impact on junior mid- dle school mathematics learning. The seventh grade students are in the transition stage from concrete image thinking to abstract logical thinking. Good operation ability plays a key role in the later learning. However, the seventh graders operation problems are more prominent. Its necessary to understand the status of the students operation ability from the perspective of core literacy in order to better cultivate the students operation ability. Based on the research of related theories, this paper constructs an evaluation system of operation ability, and prepares questionnaires and test papers based on students prac- tice and classroom feedback. Combining data analysis and the results of teacher inter- views, the following conclusions were obtained: (1) the overall operation ability of sev- enth grade students is not high, and the gap between students op