08.现在完成时的被动语态.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 08.现在完成时的被动语态 吴国斌 现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作持续到现在或对现在造成的影响或结果。 1.现在完成时的被动语态的结构： have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词 2.现在完成时的被动语态的形式： (1)肯定式：主语+ have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他。 The car has been repaired. 这辆汽车已经被修理过了。 (2)否定式：主语+ have/has+not+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他。 The house hasn’t been cleaned for a long time. 这所房子很久没有打扫了。 (3)一般疑问式：Have/Has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他? Has my letter been received? 你收到我的信了吗？ (4)特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他? How long has the car been used? 这辆汽车用了多长时间了？ 3.学习现在完成时的被动语态应该注意以下几点： (1)现在完成时的被动语态同主动语态一样强调过去动作的延续或对现在造成的影响。 That important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks. 那个重要的问题已经讨论近两周了。 How many new words have been learned by the students? 这些学生已经学会了多少生词？ (2)被动语态没有完成进行时态，现在完成进行时的主动语态改为被动语态时用现在完成时。 He has been writing the report for two days. 变为被动语态应为： The report has been written by him for two days. 那份报告他已经写了两天了。 (3)主动语态变被动语态时要注意主谓一致问题。 We have used this computer for three years. 变为被动语态应为： The computer has been used (by us) for three years. 这台电脑我们已经用了三年了。 (4)动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。 The orphan has been looked after by his neighbours. 这个孤儿一直由邻居们照顾。 The problem has been paid enough attention to. 这个问题已经被给予了足够的重视。 练习： 1. (2010?福建高考) Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they before leaving their hometowns. A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised 2. (2009?福建高考)--Why does the Lake smell terrible? --Because large quantities of water . A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted 3. (2009?全国卷Ⅰ) His sister left home in 1998, and since. A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of C. had not heard of D. has not heard of 4. (2008?陕西高考) Though we don’t know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic . A. had changed B. will change C. was changed D. has been changed 答案：DDBD