第五讲 英汉语篇对比.ppt

第五讲 英汉语篇对比;第一节 语篇与语篇分析;;;;;;;;;;;第二节 英汉语篇的衔接手段;1. Reference;Personal reference;;Demonstrative reference;;;Comparative reference: particular and general;;小结 虽然英汉语都使用各种照应（Reference）手段衔接语篇，但比较而言，英语中使用人称照应和指示照应的频率远比汉语用得多。 Quietly, so as not to disturb the child’s mother, he rose from the bed and inched toward the cradles. Reaching down, he gently lifted the warm bundle to his shoulder. Then he tiptoed from the bedroom, she lifted her head, open her eyes and – daily dose of magic – smiled at her dad.;;2. substitution and ellipsis;Substitution for Noun Phrases;;Verbal substitution;;;从句替代;;; 名词性省略 ;;; 动词省略 ;; 从句省略 从句省略可看作是动词性省略和名词性省略的延伸，它指的是整个从句被省略的现象。这种省略常见于问答句式中。 ;;;3. Conjunction;1)、用于表示主观态度和情感:;2)、用于对照和转折:;3)、用于表示时空:;4)、用于表示因果:;5)、用于总结:;6)、用于表示强调:;7)、用于表示列举:;8)、用于表示解释:;9)、用于举例;10)、用于转换话题和引出新的话题;表示主观态度和情感;;转折与对照;;时空:用来表明事情发生的先后顺序或者同时发生的情况，或者用来表明物体存在的客观形式。;因果;总结一个段落的最后一个部分可以是根据前面的内容而作出的一种概括或总结。;强调表示强调的语篇标记表明它前面所说的话似是而非或以偏概全，而后面说的才是真情或全部的情况。;列举;解释是指引导后面的分句对前面讲到的内容加以澄清，说明或进行精确的描述。;举例提出例子来证明前述观点的，它将一个概括的描述和具体的事例连接起来，用后者来说明前者。;转换话题用来引进新的一层意思或引进新话题。;汉语和英语语篇标记的不同点;;;4. Lexical Cohesion;;;;1.1 原词复现 ;1.2 同义词、近义词 ;1.3 上下义关系 ;;2 搭配关系 ;2.1 反义关系 ;;2.2 互补关系 ;2.3 统-分关系 ;All his life John had been aware of enemies lying in wait for him and had protected himself not only by going armed, when he was old enough, but also by keeping his movements as unpredictable as possible. First there had been the big brothers of small schoolmates who had unjustly accused him of bullying. Then there had been his fellow soldiers who had resented his knack for ingratiating himself with officers and getting easy and safe assignments. Then there had been his rivals at the Transport Commission, some of whom could have given lessons in treachery to Machiavelli.;;2.4 组合搭配; Spring had come early that year, with warm quick rains and sudden frothing of pink pea blossoms and dogwood dappling with white stars in the dark river swamp and far-off hills. Already the ploughin